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android Fragments詳解七:fragement示例

下例中實驗了上麵所講的所有內容。此例有一個activity,其含有兩個fragment。一個顯示莎士比亞劇的播放曲目,另一個顯示選中曲目的摘要。此例還演示了如何跟據屏幕大小配置fragment

activity創建layout


  1. @Override  
  2. protectedvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
  3.    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
  4.   
  5.    setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout);  
  6. }  
@Override protectedvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout); }
activitylayoutxml文檔

  1. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
  2.     android:orientation="horizontal"  
  3.     android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">  
  4.   
  5.     <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"  
  6.             android:id="@+id/titles" android:layout_weight="1"  
  7.             android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />  
  8.   
  9.     <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details" android:layout_weight="1"  
  10.             android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent"  
  11.             android:background="?android:attr/detailsElementBackground" />  
  12.   
  13. </LinearLayout>  
<LinearLayout xmlns:andro     android:orientation="horizontal"     android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">     <fragment             android: android:layout_weight="1"             android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />     <FrameLayout android: android:layout_weight="1"             android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent"             android:background="?android:attr/detailsElementBackground" /> </LinearLayout>
係統在activity加載此layout時初始化TitlesFragment(用於顯示標題列表),TitlesFragment的右邊是一個FrameLayout,用於存放顯示摘要的fragment,但是現在它還是空的,fragment隻有當用戶選擇了一項標題後,摘要fragment才會被放到FrameLayout中。

然而,並不是所有的屏幕都有足夠的寬度來容納標題列表和摘要。所以,上述layout隻用於橫屏,現把它存放於ret/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml

之外,當用於豎屏時,係統使用下麵的layout,它存放於ret/layout/fragment_layout.xml

  1. <FrameLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
  2.     android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">  
  3.     <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"  
  4.             android:id="@+id/titles"  
  5.             android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" />  
  6. </FrameLayout>  
<FrameLayout xmlns:andro     android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">     <fragment             android:             android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> </FrameLayout>

這個layout隻包含TitlesFragment。這表示當使用豎屏時,隻顯示標題列表。當用戶選中一項時,程序會啟動一個新的activity去顯示摘要,而不是加載第二個fragment

下一步,你會看到Fragment類的實現。第一個是TitlesFragment,它從ListFragment派生,大部分列表的功能由ListFragment提供。

當用戶選擇一個Title時,代碼需要做出兩種行為,一種是在同一個activity中顯示創建並顯示摘要fragment,另一種是啟動一個新的activity

  1. public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment {  
  2.     boolean mDualPane;  
  3.     int mCurCheckPosition = 0;  
  4.   
  5.     @Override  
  6.     public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
  7.         super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);  
  8.   
  9.         // Populate list with our static array of titles.  
  10.         setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),  
  11.                 android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, Shakespeare.TITLES));  
  12.   
  13.         // Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details  
  14.         // fragment directly in the containing UI.   
  15.         View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details);  
  16.         mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;  
  17.   
  18.         if (savedInstanceState != null) {  
  19.             // Restore last state for checked position.  
  20.             mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice"0);  
  21.         }  
  22.   
  23.         if (mDualPane) {  
  24.             // In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item.  
  25.             getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);  
  26.             // Make sure our UI is in the correct state.  
  27.             showDetails(mCurCheckPosition);  
  28.         }  
  29.     }  
  30.   
  31.     @Override  
  32.     public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {  
  33.         super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);  
  34.         outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition);  
  35.     }  
  36.   
  37.     @Override  
  38.     public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {  
  39.         showDetails(position);  
  40.     }  
  41.   
  42.     /** 
  43.      * Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by 
  44.      * displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a 
  45.      * whole new activity in which it is displayed. 
  46.      */  
  47.     void showDetails(int index) {  
  48.         mCurCheckPosition = index;  
  49.   
  50.         if (mDualPane) {  
  51.             // We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update  
  52.             // the list to highlight the selected item and show the data.  
  53.             getListView().setItemChecked(index, true);  
  54.   
  55.             // Check what fragment is currently shown, replace if needed.  
  56.             DetailsFragment details = (DetailsFragment)  
  57.                     getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.details);  
  58.             if (details == null || details.getShownIndex() != index) {  
  59.                 // Make new fragment to show this selection.  
  60.                 details = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index);  
  61.   
  62.                 // Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment  
  63.                 // with this one inside the frame.  
  64.                 FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();  
  65.                 ft.replace(R.id.details, details);  
  66.                 ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);  
  67.                 ft.commit();  
  68.             }  
  69.   
  70.         } else {  
  71.             // Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display  
  72.             // the dialog fragment with selected text.   
  73.             Intent intent = new Intent();  
  74.             intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class);  
  75.             intent.putExtra("index", index);  
  76.             startActivity(intent);  
  77.         }  
  78.     }  
public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment {     boolean mDualPane;     int mCurCheckPosition = 0;     @Override     public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);         // Populate list with our static array of titles.         setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),                 android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, Shakespeare.TITLES));         // Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details         // fragment directly in the containing UI.         View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details);         mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;         if (savedInstanceState != null) {             // Restore last state for checked position.             mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice", 0);         }         if (mDualPane) {             // In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item.             getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);             // Make sure our UI is in the correct state.             showDetails(mCurCheckPosition);         }     }     @Override     public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {         super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);         outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition);     }     @Override     public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {         showDetails(position);     }     /**      * Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by      * displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a      * whole new activity in which it is displayed.      */     void showDetails(int index) {         mCurCheckPosition = index;         if (mDualPane) {             // We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update             // the list to highlight the selected item and show the data.             getListView().setItemChecked(index, true);             // Check what fragment is currently shown, replace if needed.             DetailsFragment details = (DetailsFragment)                     getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.details);             if (details == null || details.getShownIndex() != index) {                 // Make new fragment to show this selection.                 details = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index);                 // Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment                 // with this one inside the frame.                 FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();                 ft.replace(R.id.details, details);                 ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);                 ft.commit();             }         } else {             // Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display             // the dialog fragment with selected text.             Intent intent = new Intent();             intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class);             intent.putExtra("index", index);             startActivity(intent);         }     }
第二個fragmentDetailsFragment顯示被選擇的Title的摘要:

  1. public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment {  
  2.     /** 
  3.      * Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to 
  4.      * show the text at 'index'. 
  5.      */  
  6.     public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) {  
  7.         DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment();  
  8.   
  9.         // Supply index input as an argument.  
  10.         Bundle args = new Bundle();  
  11.         args.putInt("index", index);  
  12.         f.setArguments(args);  
  13.   
  14.         return f;  
  15.     }  
  16.   
  17.     public int getShownIndex() {  
  18.         return getArguments().getInt("index"0);  
  19.     }  
  20.   
  21.     @Override  
  22.     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,  
  23.             Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
  24.         if (container == null) {  
  25.             // We have different layouts, and in one of them this  
  26.             // fragment's containing frame doesn't exist.  The fragment  
  27.             // may still be created from its saved state, but there is  
  28.             // no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it  
  29.             // won't be displayed.  Note this is not needed -- we could  
  30.             // just run the code below, where we would create and return  
  31.             // the view hierarchy; it would just never be used.  
  32.             return null;  
  33.         }  
  34.   
  35.         ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity());  
  36.         TextView text = new TextView(getActivity());  
  37.         int padding = (int)TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP,  
  38.                 4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());  
  39.         text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);  
  40.         scroller.addView(text);  
  41.         text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getShownIndex()]);  
  42.         return scroller;  
  43.     }  
  44. }  
public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment {     /**      * Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to      * show the text at 'index'.      */     public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) {         DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment();         // Supply index input as an argument.         Bundle args = new Bundle();         args.putInt("index", index);         f.setArguments(args);         return f;     }     public int getShownIndex() {         return getArguments().getInt("index", 0);     }     @Override     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,             Bundle savedInstanceState) {         if (container == null) {             // We have different layouts, and in one of them this             // fragment's containing frame doesn't exist.  The fragment             // may still be created from its saved state, but there is             // no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it             // won't be displayed.  Note this is not needed -- we could             // just run the code below, where we would create and return             // the view hierarchy; it would just never be used.             return null;         }         ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity());         TextView text = new TextView(getActivity());         int padding = (int)TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP,                 4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());         text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);         scroller.addView(text);         text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getShownIndex()]);         return scroller;     } }
如果當前的layout沒有R.id.detailsView(它被用於DetailsFragment的容器),那麼程序就啟動DetailsActivity來顯示摘要。

下麵是DetailsActivity,它隻是簡單地嵌入DetailsFragment來顯示摘要。

  1. public static class DetailsActivity extends Activity {  
  2.   
  3.     @Override  
  4.     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
  5.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
  6.   
  7.         if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation  
  8.                 == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {  
  9.             // If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the  
  10.             // dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity.  
  11.             finish();  
  12.             return;  
  13.         }  
  14.   
  15.         if (savedInstanceState == null) {  
  16.             // During initial setup, plug in the details fragment.  
  17.             DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment();  
  18.             details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());  
  19.             getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit();  
  20.         }  
  21.     }  
  22. }  
public static class DetailsActivity extends Activity {     @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation                 == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {             // If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the             // dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity.             finish();             return;         }         if (savedInstanceState == null) {             // During initial setup, plug in the details fragment.             DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment();             details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());             getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit();         }     } }
注意這個activity在檢測到是豎屏時會結束自己,於是主activity會接管它並顯示出TitlesFragmentDetailsFragment。這可以在用戶在豎屏時顯示在TitleFragment,但用戶旋轉了屏幕,使顯示變成了橫屏。


最後更新:2017-04-02 16:47:42

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