[LeetCode]42.Trapping Rain Water
【題目】
Given n non-negative integers representing an elevation map where the width of each bar is 1, compute how much water it is able to trap after raining.
For example,
Given [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]
, return 6
.
The above elevation map is represented by array [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]. In this case, 6 units of rain water (blue section) are being trapped. Thanks Marcos for contributing this image!
【題意】
給定n個非負整數,代表一個柱狀圖,每一個柱子的寬度為1,計算下雨之後柱狀圖能裝多少水?
例如:
[0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1] 返回 6
上述柱狀圖是由數組表示[0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]。在這種情況下,6個單位的雨水(藍色部分)被裝。
【分析】
對於每個柱子,找到其左右兩邊最高的柱子,該柱子能容納的麵積就是 min(leftMostHeight,rightMostHeight) - height。所以,
1. 從左往右掃描一遍,對於每個柱子,求取左邊最大值;
2. 從右往左掃描一遍,對於每個柱子,求最大右值;
3. 再掃描一遍,把每個柱子的麵積並累加。
也可以,
1. 掃描一遍,找到最高的柱子,這個柱子將數組分為兩半;
2. 處理左邊一半;
3. 處理右邊一半。
【代碼】
/*--------------------------------------- * 日期:2014-01-20 * 作者:SJF0115 * 題目: 42.Trapping Rain Water * 網址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/ * 結果:AC * 來源:LeetCode * 博客: -----------------------------------------*/ class Solution { public: int trap(int A[], int n) { if(A == NULL || n < 1)return 0; int i; int* leftMostHeight = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n); int* rightMostHeight = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n); int maxHeight = 0; for(i = 0; i < n;i++){ leftMostHeight[i] = maxHeight; if(maxHeight < A[i]){ maxHeight = A[i]; } } maxHeight = 0; for(i = n-1;i >= 0;i--){ rightMostHeight[i] = maxHeight; if(maxHeight < A[i]){ maxHeight = A[i]; } } int water = 0; for(i =0; i < n; i++){ int curWater = min(leftMostHeight[i],rightMostHeight[i]) - A[i]; if(curWater > 0){ water += curWater; } } return water; } };
</pre><h4><span >【代碼2】</span></h4><p></p><pre code_snippet_ snippet_file_name="blog_20150512_2_1444678" name="code" >/*--------------------------------------- * 日期:2015-05-12 * 作者:SJF0115 * 題目: 42.Trapping Rain Water * 網址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/ * 結果:AC * 來源:LeetCode * 博客: -----------------------------------------*/ #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class Solution { public: int trap(vector<int>& height) { int size = height.size(); int result = 0; if(size <= 0){ return result; }//if int leftMax[size]; int rightMax[size]; leftMax[0] = 0; rightMax[size-1] = 0; // 對於第i個元素 左右最大值 for(int i = 1;i < size;++i){ leftMax[i] = max(leftMax[i-1],height[i-1]); rightMax[size-1-i] = max(rightMax[size-i],height[size-i]); }//for // 最大積雨量 int h; for(int i = 0;i < size;++i){ h = min(leftMax[i],rightMax[i]); if(h > height[i]){ result += h - height[i]; }//if }//for return result; } }; int main() { Solution solution; vector<int> height = {0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1}; cout<<solution.trap(height)<<endl; return 0; }

【代碼3】
/*--------------------------------------- * 日期:2014-01-20 * 作者:SJF0115 * 題目: 42.Trapping Rain Water * 網址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/ * 結果:AC * 來源:LeetCode * 博客: -----------------------------------------*/ class Solution { public: //時間複雜度 O(n),空間複雜度 O(1) int trap(int A[], int n) { // 最高的柱子,將數組分為兩半 int max = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ if (A[i] > A[max]) max = i; } int water = 0; for (int i = 0, leftMaxHeight = 0; i < max; i++){ if (A[i] > leftMaxHeight){ leftMaxHeight = A[i]; } else { water += leftMaxHeight - A[i]; } } for (int i = n - 1, rightMaxHeight = 0; i > max; i--){ if (A[i] > rightMaxHeight){ rightMaxHeight = A[i]; } else{ water += rightMaxHeight - A[i]; } } return water; } };
</pre><pre>
【代碼4】
/*--------------------------------------- * 日期:2014-01-20 * 作者:SJF0115 * 題目: 42.Trapping Rain Water * 網址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/ * 結果:AC * 來源:LeetCode * 博客: -----------------------------------------*/ //第三種解法,用一個棧輔助,小於棧頂的元素壓入,大於等於棧頂就把棧裏所有小於或等於當 //前值的元素全部出棧處理掉。 // LeetCode, Trapping Rain Water // 用一個棧輔助,小於棧頂的元素壓入,大於等於棧頂就把棧裏所有小於或 // 等於當前值的元素全部出棧處理掉,計算麵積,最後把當前元素入棧 // 時間複雜度 O(n),空間複雜度 O(n) class Solution { public: int trap(int a[], int n) { stack<pair<int, int>> s; int water = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { int height = 0; // 將棧裏比當前元素矮或等高的元素全部處理掉 while (!s.empty()) { int bar = s.top().first; int pos = s.top().second; // bar, height, a[i] 三者夾成的凹陷 water += (min(bar, a[i]) - height) * (i - pos - 1); height = bar; if (a[i] < bar) // 碰到了比當前元素高的,跳出循環 break; else s.pop(); // 彈出棧頂,因為該元素處理完了,不再需要了 } s.push(make_pair(a[i], i)); } return water; } };
類似題目:
[LeetCode]11.Container With Most Water
最後更新:2017-04-03 12:54:36