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[LeetCode]42.Trapping Rain Water

【題目】

Given n non-negative integers representing an elevation map where the width of each bar is 1, compute how much water it is able to trap after raining.

For example, 
Given [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1], return 6.


The above elevation map is represented by array [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]. In this case, 6 units of rain water (blue section) are being trapped. Thanks Marcos for contributing this image!


【題意】

給定n個非負整數,代表一個柱狀圖,每一個柱子的寬度為1,計算下雨之後柱狀圖能裝多少水?

例如:

[0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]  返回 6

    

上述柱狀圖是由數組表示[0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]。在這種情況下,6個單位的雨水(藍色部分)被

【分析】

對於每個柱子,找到其左右兩邊最高的柱子,該柱子能容納的麵積就是 min(leftMostHeight,rightMostHeight) - height。所以,

1. 從左往右掃描一遍,對於每個柱子,求取左邊最大值;

2. 從右往左掃描一遍,對於每個柱子,求最大右值;

3. 再掃描一遍,把每個柱子的麵積並累加。

也可以,

1. 掃描一遍,找到最高的柱子,這個柱子將數組分為兩半;

2. 處理左邊一半;

3. 處理右邊一半。

【代碼】

/*---------------------------------------
*   日期:2014-01-20
*   作者:SJF0115
*   題目: 42.Trapping Rain Water
*   網址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/
*   結果:AC
*   來源:LeetCode
*   博客:
-----------------------------------------*/
class Solution {
public:
    int trap(int A[], int n) {
        if(A == NULL || n < 1)return 0;
        int i;

		int* leftMostHeight = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n);
		int* rightMostHeight = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n);

		int maxHeight = 0;
		for(i = 0; i < n;i++){
			leftMostHeight[i] = maxHeight;
			if(maxHeight < A[i]){
                maxHeight = A[i];
            }
		}

		maxHeight = 0;
		for(i = n-1;i >= 0;i--){
			rightMostHeight[i] = maxHeight;
			if(maxHeight < A[i]){
                maxHeight = A[i];
            }
		}

		int water = 0;
		for(i =0; i < n; i++){
			int curWater = min(leftMostHeight[i],rightMostHeight[i]) - A[i];
			if(curWater > 0){
				water += curWater;
			}
		}
		return water;
    }
};


</pre><h4><span >【代碼2】</span></h4><p></p><pre code_snippet_ snippet_file_name="blog_20150512_2_1444678" name="code" >/*---------------------------------------
*   日期:2015-05-12
*   作者:SJF0115
*   題目: 42.Trapping Rain Water
*   網址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/
*   結果:AC
*   來源:LeetCode
*   博客:
-----------------------------------------*/
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Solution {
public:
    int trap(vector<int>& height) {
        int size = height.size();
        int result = 0;
        if(size <= 0){
            return result;
        }//if
        int leftMax[size];
        int rightMax[size];
        leftMax[0] = 0;
        rightMax[size-1] = 0;
        // 對於第i個元素 左右最大值
        for(int i = 1;i < size;++i){
            leftMax[i] = max(leftMax[i-1],height[i-1]);
            rightMax[size-1-i] = max(rightMax[size-i],height[size-i]);
        }//for
        // 最大積雨量
        int h;
        for(int i = 0;i < size;++i){
            h = min(leftMax[i],rightMax[i]);
            if(h > height[i]){
                result += h - height[i];
            }//if
        }//for
        return result;
    }
};

int main() {
    Solution solution;
    vector<int> height = {0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1};
    cout<<solution.trap(height)<<endl;
    return 0;
}


【代碼3】

思路2

/*---------------------------------------
*   日期:2014-01-20
*   作者:SJF0115
*   題目: 42.Trapping Rain Water
*   網址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/
*   結果:AC
*   來源:LeetCode
*   博客:
-----------------------------------------*/
class Solution {
public:
    //時間複雜度 O(n),空間複雜度 O(1)
    int trap(int A[], int n) {
        // 最高的柱子,將數組分為兩半
        int max = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            if (A[i] > A[max]) max = i;
        }
        int water = 0;
        for (int i = 0, leftMaxHeight = 0; i < max; i++){
            if (A[i] > leftMaxHeight){
                leftMaxHeight = A[i];
            }
            else {
                water += leftMaxHeight - A[i];
            }
        }
        for (int i = n - 1, rightMaxHeight = 0; i > max; i--){
            if (A[i] > rightMaxHeight){
                rightMaxHeight = A[i];
            }
            else{
                water += rightMaxHeight - A[i];
            }
        }
        return water;
    }
};

</pre><pre>


【代碼4】

/*---------------------------------------
*   日期:2014-01-20
*   作者:SJF0115
*   題目: 42.Trapping Rain Water
*   網址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/
*   結果:AC
*   來源:LeetCode
*   博客:
-----------------------------------------*/
//第三種解法,用一個棧輔助,小於棧頂的元素壓入,大於等於棧頂就把棧裏所有小於或等於當
//前值的元素全部出棧處理掉。
// LeetCode, Trapping Rain Water
// 用一個棧輔助,小於棧頂的元素壓入,大於等於棧頂就把棧裏所有小於或
// 等於當前值的元素全部出棧處理掉,計算麵積,最後把當前元素入棧
// 時間複雜度 O(n),空間複雜度 O(n)

class Solution {
public:
    int trap(int a[], int n) {
        stack<pair<int, int>> s;
        int water = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int height = 0;
            // 將棧裏比當前元素矮或等高的元素全部處理掉
            while (!s.empty()) {
                int bar = s.top().first;
                int pos = s.top().second;
                // bar, height, a[i] 三者夾成的凹陷
                water += (min(bar, a[i]) - height) * (i - pos - 1);
                height = bar;
                if (a[i] < bar) // 碰到了比當前元素高的,跳出循環
                    break;
                else
                s.pop(); // 彈出棧頂,因為該元素處理完了,不再需要了
            }
            s.push(make_pair(a[i], i));
        }
        return water;
    }
};



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最後更新:2017-04-03 12:54:36

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