ListView中getView中放置多個item和getItemViewType的用法
istView 和 Adapter 的基礎
工作原理:
- ListView 針對List中每個item,要求 adapter “給我一個視圖” (getView)。
- 一個新的視圖被返回並顯示
如果我們有上億個項目要顯示怎麼辦?為每個項目創建一個新視圖?NO!這不可能!
實際上Android為你緩存了視圖。
Android中有個叫做Recycler的構件,下圖是他的工作原理:
- 如果你有10億個項目(item),其中隻有可見的項目存在內存中,其他的在Recycler中。
- ListView先請求一個type1視圖(getView)然後請求其他可見的項目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
- 當item1滾出屏幕,並且一個新的項目從屏幕低端上來時,ListView再請求一個type1視圖。convertView此時不是空值了,它的值是item1。你隻需設定新的數據然後返回convertView,不必重新創建一個視圖。
請看下麵的示例代碼,這裏在getView中使用了System.out進行輸出
public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity { private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(); for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { mAdapter.addItem("item " + i); } setListAdapter(mAdapter); } private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList(); private LayoutInflater mInflater; public MyCustomAdapter() { mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); } public void addItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); notifyDataSetChanged(); } @Override public int getCount() { return mData.size(); } @Override public String getItem(int position) { return mData.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView); ViewHolder holder = null; if (convertView == null) { convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); holder = new ViewHolder(); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); convertView.setTag(holder); } else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); return convertView; } } public static class ViewHolder { public TextView textView; } }
執行程序,然後在Logcat中查看日誌
getView 被調用 9 次 ,convertView 對於所有的可見項目是空值(如下)
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.559 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 0 null
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.570 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 1 null
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.589 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 2 null
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.599 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 3 null
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.619 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 4 null
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.629 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 5 null
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.708 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 6 null
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.719 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 7 null
02 - 05 13 : 47 : 32.729 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 8 null
|
然後稍微向下滾動List,直到item10出現:
convertView仍然是空值,因為recycler中沒有視圖(item1的邊緣仍然可見,在頂端)
02 - 05 13 : 48 : 25.169 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 9 null
|
再滾動List
convertView不是空值了!item1離開屏幕到Recycler中去了,然後item11被創建
02 - 05 13 : 48 : 42.879 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout @437430f8
|
再滾動:
02 - 05 14 : 01 : 31.069 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout @437447d0
02 - 05 14 : 01 : 31.142 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout @43744ff8
02 - 05 14 : 01 : 31.279 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout @43743fa8
02 - 05 14 : 01 : 31.350 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout @43745820
02 - 05 14 : 01 : 31.429 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout @43746048
02 - 05 14 : 01 : 31.550 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout @43746870
02 - 05 14 : 01 : 31.669 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout @43747098
02 - 05 14 : 01 : 31.839 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout @437478c0
02 - 05 14 : 03 : 30.900 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout @43748df0
02 - 05 14 : 03 : 32.069 :
INFO/System.out( 947 ):
getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout @437430f8
|
convertView 如我們所期待的非空了,在item11離開屏幕之後,它的視圖(@437430f8)作為convertView容納item21了
不同的項目布局(item layout)
我們再舉一個稍微複雜的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔線
你需要做這些:
- 重(@Override)寫 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少個不同的布局
- 重寫 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
- 根據view item的類型,在getView中創建正確的convertView
以下是代碼:
public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity { private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(); for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) { mAdapter.addItem("item " + i); if (i % 4 == 0) { mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i); } } setListAdapter(mAdapter); } private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0; private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1; private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1; private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList(); private LayoutInflater mInflater; private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet(); public MyCustomAdapter() { mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); } public void addItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); notifyDataSetChanged(); } public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); // save separator position mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1); notifyDataSetChanged(); } @Override public int getItemViewType(int position) { return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM; } @Override public int getViewTypeCount() { return TYPE_MAX_COUNT; } @Override public int getCount() { return mData.size(); } @Override public String getItem(int position) { return mData.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder = null; int type = getItemViewType(position); System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type); if (convertView == null) { holder = new ViewHolder(); switch (type) { case TYPE_ITEM: convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); break; case TYPE_SEPARATOR: convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator); break; } convertView.setTag(holder); } else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); return convertView; } } public static class ViewHolder { public TextView textView; } }
運行程序,你會看到每4個item一個分割線
看看日誌,無異常,所有的convertView都是空的
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.080 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 0 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.112 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 1 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.130 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 2 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.141 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 3 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.160 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 4 null type
= 1
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.170 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 5 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.180 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 6 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.190 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 7 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.210 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 8 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 03.210 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 9 null type
= 1
|
滾動list:
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 54.160 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 10 null type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 19 : 57.440 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout @43744528 type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 01.310 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout @43744eb0 type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 01.880 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout @437456d8 type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 02.869 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 14 null type
= 1
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 06.489 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout @43745f00 type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 07.749 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout @43747170 type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 10.250 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout @43747998 type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 11.661 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout @437481c0 type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 13.180 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout @437468a0 type
= 1
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 16.900 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout @437489e8 type
= 0
02 - 05 15 : 20 : 25.690 :
INFO/System.out( 1035 ):
getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout @4374a8d8 type
= 0
|
convertView對於分割線是空的,直到第一個分割線可見,當其離開屏幕,視圖去到Recycler並且convertView開始起作用。
本文翻譯自https://android.amberfog.com/?p=296
代碼下載:MultipleItemsList.zip – source code
最後更新:2017-04-02 15:28:25