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struts Caused by: no protocol dtd - Class: java.net.URL
情景：項目使用了struts2 框架，部署到tomcat中，而tomcat所在機器沒有聯網（處於公司安全方麵的原因），所以啟動tomcat時，報錯：
tomcat Unable to load configuration. - Class: java.net.SocketInputStream
因為struts配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation/DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"
"https://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
如上所示，它會 去https://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd下載dtd文件，但是沒有聯網，所以就報上述錯誤（標紅的）了。
為了解決這個問題，就使用了本地的dtd文件，範例：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation/DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"
"./com/tdr/mbs/endpoint/dtd/struts-2.3.dtd">
後來項目部署到其他tomcat時，報錯：
Caused by: no protocol dtd - Class: java.net.URL
詳細報錯信息：
Unable to load configuration. - Class: java.net.URL
File: URL.java
Method: <init>
Line: 567 - java/net/URL.java:567:-1
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:69)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:390)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:437)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:51)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:422)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:115)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3838)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4488)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:722)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:593)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Caused by: Unable to load file:/D:/個人資料/eclipse/workspace/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/endpoint/WEB-INF/classes/struts.xml - Class: java.net.URL
File: URL.java
Method: <init>
Line: 567 - java/net/URL.java:567:-1
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadConfigurationFiles(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:954)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadDocuments(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:163)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.init(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:130)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:209)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:66)
... 22 more
Caused by: no protocol: ./com/a//endpoint/dtd/struts-2.3.dtd - Class: java.net.URL
File: URL.java
Method: <init>
Line: 567 - java/net/URL.java:567:-1
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:115)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadConfigurationFiles(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:949)
... 26 more
Caused by: java.net.MalformedURLException: no protocol: ./com/a//endpoint/dtd/struts-2.3.dtd
at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:567)
at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:464)
at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:413)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLEntityManager.setupCurrentEntity(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLEntityManager.startEntity(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLEntityManager.startDTDEntity(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDTDScannerImpl.setInputSource(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$DTDDispatcher.dispatch(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:113)
... 27 more
上網查了半天，發現這是tomcat的一個bug。
tomcat 的安裝目錄中有中文字符；
struts.xml中沒有使用網絡上的dtd文件，而是使用的本地的dtd文件
問題原因：tomcat 安裝目錄中有中文字符。
解決方法：把tomcat的安裝目錄拷貝到無中文字符的路徑中。
後來我使用eclipse運行項目，也報相同的錯誤，因為我eclipse的工作空間（workspace）是：
D:\個人資料\eclipse\workspace
我的eclipse的工作空間的路徑中包含中文字符。
報錯信息：
Caused by: Unable to load file:/D:/個人資料/eclipse/workspace/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/endpoint/WEB-INF/classes/struts.xml - Class: java.net.URL
File: URL.java
Method: <init>
Line: 567 - java/net/URL.java:567:-1
也就是說eclipse把項目部署到了 D:/個人資料/eclipse/workspace/.metadata/ 中
解決方法：修改eclipse的工作區間（沒辦法了，一定要保證項目部署的路徑中沒有中文字符）
最後更新：2017-04-03 16:48:51