一般網站在處理用戶上傳圖片時通常采用兩種策略:一是直接把圖片存入數據庫中的Blob字段;二是數據庫中隻存儲圖片的在服務器上的路徑信息 ,圖片存放在分門別類的文件中,使用的時候從數據庫讀取路徑信息到頁麵img元素即可.在此不討論兩種方案的優劣,我隻是寫了個hibernate的例子來實現第一種策略.例子很簡單,t_user表主要兩個字段,name和photo,其中photo字段類型為Blob.在此例中數據庫我采用mysql, oracle的Blob字段比較特殊,你必須自定義類型,具體的請自行搜索,這方麵的資料很多.
//User.java
package com.denny_blue.hibernate;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.Blob;
public class User implements Serializable{
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Blob photo;
/**
* @return the id
*/
public User(){
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
/**
* @param id the id to set
*/
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
/**
* @return the name
*/
public String getName() {
return name;
}
/**
* @param name the name to set
*/
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
/**
* @return the photo
*/
public Blob getPhoto() {
return photo;
}
/**
* @param photo the photo to set
*/
public void setPhoto(Blob photo) {
this.photo = photo;
}
}
類User有3個屬性,id,name,photo,相應的getter和setter方法以及一個無參構造函數.應該注意的是photo的類型java.sql.Blob
相應的user.hbm.xml應該如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"https://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping
package="com.denny_blue.hibernate">
<class name="com.denny_blue.hibernate.User"
table="t_user"
dynamic-update="true"
dynamic-insert="true"
batch-size="3">
<id name="id"
column="id"
type="java.lang.Integer">
<generator />
</id>
<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String" lazy="true"/>
<property name="photo" column="photo" type="java.sql.Blob"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
對應的hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件,不再列出,請參照hibernate文檔自行設定.
OK,做了這一步,我們寫個測試類來進行單元測試:
package com.denny_blue.test;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Blob;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.denny_blue.hibernate.User;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class HibernateTest extends TestCase {
private Session session;
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
try{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sf=config.buildSessionFactory();
session=sf.openSession();
}catch(HibernateException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
try{
session.close();
}catch(HibernateException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void testSave()throws FileNotFoundException,IOException{
User user=new User();
user.setName("jordan");
FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream("C://test.gif");
Blob photo=Hibernate.createBlob(in);
user.setPhoto(photo);
Transaction tx=null;
try{
tx=session.beginTransaction();
session.saveOrUpdate(user);
tx.commit();
}catch(HibernateException e){
if(tx!=null)
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
in.close();
}
}
public void testLoad()throws Exception{
try{
User user=(User)session.load(User.class, new Integer(1));
Blob photo=user.getPhoto();
InputStream in=photo.getBinaryStream();
FileOutputStream out=new FileOutputStream("C://out//test2.gif");
byte [] buf=new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=in.read(buf))!=-1){
out.write(buf, 0, len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}catch(HibernateException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
我們讀取C盤目錄下的test.gif並存儲到數據庫中,然後再取出來寫入C:/out目錄,此時你可以查看下數據表中photo顯示為blob,表示已經成功存入.值的注意的代碼片段就是:
FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream("C://test.gif");
Blob photo=Hibernate.createBlob(in);
我們這裏是從磁盤中讀取圖片,實際應用中你可以利用上傳組件得到圖片的2進製數據流,並利用Hibernate.createBlob方法來構造相應的Blob對象.而取圖片則使用
InputStream in=photo.getBinaryStream();
這隻是個簡單的測試類,如果我想從數據庫中取出圖片並現實在頁麵上該如何做呢?其實也很簡單,我們先要寫一個servlet,在它的service方法中取出圖片,並"畫"到指定頁麵上.
package com.easyjf.asp.action;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.sql.Blob;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.denny)blue.hibernate.User;
public class Test extends HttpServlet {
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
private Session session;
public void destroy() {
try{
session.close();
}catch(HibernateException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occure
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
try{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sf=config.buildSessionFactory();
session=sf.openSession();
}catch(HibernateException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
{
try{
User user=(User)session.load(User.class, new Integer(1));
Blob photo=user.getPhoto();
InputStream in=photo.getBinaryStream();
OutputStream out=response.getOutputStream();
byte [] buf=new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=in.read(buf))!=-1){
out.write(buf, 0, len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
通過response.getOutputStream取得輸出流,其他就與上段代碼一致.servlet寫好了,怎麼在頁麵調用呢?那就更簡單啦,直接在頁麵的img標簽的src屬性上調用該servlet即可,如:
<img src="/servlet/Test"/>
簡單的例子,希望對初學者有幫助.
附記:如果不希望在servlet(或者action之類)中進行保存操作,希望在DAO進行此操作,那麼InputStream的關閉問題可以通過hibernate的interceptor機製解決