737
新東方
北京大學2008年博士研究生入學考試英語試題
Part One Listening Comprehension(20％)
（略）
Part Two Structure and Written Expression
Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
21. "What courses are you going to do next semester?"
"I don’t know. But it’s about time ______ on something. "
A. I'd decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I'm deciding
22. _____ a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.
A. Obtaining nut B. Not obtaining
C. Not having obtained D. Nut obtained
23. How can I ever concentrate if you _______ continually _____ me with silly questions?
A. have, interrupted B. had, interrupted
C. are, interrupting D. were, interrupted
24. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ________ so formally.
A. need nut have dressed up B. must not have dressed up
C. did not need to dress up D. must not dress up
25. ______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.
A. That B. It C. This D. As
26. It is not so much the language ______ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.
A. but B. nor C. as D. 1ike
27. _________ human problems that repeat themselves in _____ life repeat themselves in _________ literature.
A. ／, ／, the B. ／, the, ／ C. The, ／, ／ D. The, the, the
28. He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.
A. or the police have placed B. or have the police placed
C. nor the police have placed D. nor have the police placed
29. He was ________ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.
A. too much of a coward B. too much the coward
C. a coward enough D. enough of a coward
30. I couldn’t sleep because the tap in the bathroom was _______.
A. draining B. dropping C. spilling D. dripping
31. We have been hearing ______ accounts of your work.
A. favored B. favorable C. favorite D. favoring
32. Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the ________ bins provided.
A. junk B. 1itter C. scrap D. deposit
33. At first, the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was revised ________.
A. subsequently B. successively C. predominantly D. preliminarily
34. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite_________.
A. invaluable B. priceless C. unworthy D. worthless
35. The local authorities realized the need to make ________ for elderly people in their housing programs.
A. preparation B. requirement C. specification D. provision
36. Most people can’t get ______ the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.
A. on B. through C. over D. by
37. As the director can’t come to the reception, I'm representing the company______.
A. on his account B. on his behalf
C. for his part D. in his interest
38. The award ceremony will be the ________ of the inaugural Singapore International Water Week that is held from 23 to 27 June 2008.
A. twilight B. insight C. highlight D. highland
39. There is a conspicuous lack of public debate about how this insular country should ___________ the reality that more immigrants are coming and that those already here are changing Japan.
A. abide by B. account for C. act on D. adjust to
40. Nobody knows what triggered the event, which ______ a million cubic meters of water per second, obliterating the barrier between Britain and France.
A. released B. relieved C. restored D. retained
Part Three Reading Comprehension
I. Directions: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEE. (10％)
Passage 1
The l9th-Century British Aristocracy
The British aristocracy had always been involved in industrialization, especially in the development of mining, canals, and railways. It now shrewdly associated itself with the new wave of commercial expansion: most banks and insurance companies had a lord to add tone to the managerial board. It also shored up its fortunes by astute marriages, notably with the new aristocracy of wealth in the United States; the best-known example was the marriage of the duke of Marlborough to Consuelo Vanderbilt. By these means, many of the great aristocratic estates were preserved despite agricultural decline. But they were playthings as well as engines of wealth, and came to be treated as such. The aristocracy came to be known to the urban population chiefly through their representation in the popular press and magazines as men and women of leisure: racing, hunting, shooting, and fishing in the country, gambling and attending the season in London. In a population for which leisure was becoming increasingly important, this did not make the aristocracy unpopular.
41. In the second sentence of this passage, "had a lord to add tone to the managerial board" means that________.
A. the banks and insurance companies would hire a lord Oil the board to give advice to their management
B. having lords involved in the management gave the banks or companies a very good public image
C. lords worked for the banks and insurance companies to bring in more profits
D. it had become a fashion to have a lord on the managerial board of a bank or a company
42. The "astute marriages" in the passage refers to marriages between_______.
A. British aristocracy and rich American entrepreneurs
B. old British aristocratic families and newly knighted aristocracy of wealth
C. aristocratic families and new business families of money and enterprises
D. big landlord families in the British countryside and rich American tycoons of industry
43. Judging from the content of the passage, Consuelo Vanderbilt was_______.
A. male, and from a rich business family in the United States
B. female, and from a British wealthy family of industry
C. male, and from a rich industrial family of Britain
D. female, and from an entrepreneur family in America
44. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The l9th-century British aristocrats were treated as decorations in public life and were used to make money by press.
B. The l9th-century British aristocrats were toys of the rich capitalists and were made to earn profits for them.
C. The l9th-century British aristocrats acted as playmates of people in pleasure-seeking such as hunting, fishing, and shooting.
D. The l9th-century British aristocrats were popular figures in advertisements because they lived a leisurely life.
Passage 2
How to Do Fewer, Better Animal Experiments
For a nation of pet lovers, Britain conducts a surprising number of experiments on animals some 3m a year. America appears to use fewer animals—just l. 1 m a year, according to official statistics—but that is an illusion. Unlike Britain’s government, America’s does not think rats and mice worth counting. Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America, and animals used in research in those two countries are not protected to the same extent that they are in the West. Even so, academic centers supporting alternatives to animal testing have emerged in both places in recent years. In July China issued its first set of guidelines governing the use of animals in research.
In an ideal world, there would be no animal testing. It is expensive and can be of dubious scientific value, since different species often react differently to the same procedure. That is why many researchers are working on ways of reducing the number of animal experiments needed and of making those that still happen more effective. However, the transition is proving easier for some types of experiment than for others, as a group of researchers in the field discussed at the sixth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, held last week in Tokyo.
The most important message from the congress was that things are going in the fight direction. The number of animals used in experiments has fallen by half in the past 30 years, at least in those countries that record such things. There has also been a shift in the sort of animal used. Most of those employed today are rodents rather than dogs, cats, rabbits and monkeys. (That public opinion' generally welcomes this is, however, a good example of ‘‘cutist" prejudice for one species over another: there is no reason to believe that rodents suffer less than other mammals.) Also, of the experiments that are still conducted, the majority are now concerned with developing and testing medicine rather than, say, checking how toxic cosmetics are. Of the llm animals involved each year in experiments that have to be reported to the European
45. Which of the following is "an illusion"?
A. Britain protects animals used in research better than Japan and China.
B. China has issued guidelines governing the use of animals in research
C. Japan has less comprehensive data on animals in research
D. America conducts fewer experiments on animals than Britain
46. Many researchers are currently trying to _______.
A. use animals involved in research more effectively
B. slow down the transition for some experiments
C. challenge the scientific value of animal testing
D. raise the cost of using any animals in research
47. The "cutist" prejudice probably refers to the fact that__.
A. pet animals are thought to suffer more in experiments
B. rodents are believed to react in the same way with humans
C. testing medicine is supposed to do more harm than testing cosmetics
D. what sort of animals to use is reckoned more crucial than whether to use them
Passage 3
Thanks in no small part to Al Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. What is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get very much worse.
For reasons both economic and political coat is poised to be the fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal combustion generates half the US’s electricity and releases about l. 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present trends continue, these figures will more than double by 2050, much to the detriment of the world’s climate. Without an alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burning coal.
Overcoming the engineering obstacles in the way of large-scale sequestration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, but the bigger challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administration’s policy is counterproductive.
It is time for the US government to put a price on carbon emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their efforts rewarded: Such a move would not only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring America’s green credentials.
48. According to the author, what adds to the seriousness of global warming?
A. The American public was ignorant of the problem.
B. The American government is doing nothing to deal with the problem.
C. The US will choose coal as the major fuel which will have large carbon emissions.
D. There is no alternative fuel other than foreign oil which has large carbon emissions.
49. Which of the following is true about the obstacles for effectively capturing carbon emissions?
A. The existing technology is only able to deal with large-scale carbon emissions·
B. The companies are not highly motivated in adopting new technologies.
C. The government policy for using coal and oil is counterproductive·
D. The companies feel reluctant to be involved in political issues.
50. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?
A. The government should charge carbon emissions so as to encourage companies to adopt new technology.
B. The government should reward utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emission.
C. The government should make long-time efforts to encourage people to plant more trees.
D. The government should pay for large-scale carbon emissions.
II. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET2. (15%)
Dealing with Depression
(51)Contrary to what many people think depression is not a normal part of growing older. Nor is it harder to treat in older people. But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment
"Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression," Brace said. "But more often in older people it’s anhedonia—they’re not enjoying life. They’re irritable and cranky. " (52) she added: "Many older people despair over the quality of their lives at the end of life. If they have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people."
Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it seriously when an older person says "Life is not worth living," "I don’t see any point in living," "I'd be better off dead" or "My family would be better off if I died," the experts emphasized.
"Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated fur treatment or into treatment," Brown urged. (53) He warned that "depressed older adults tend to have fewer symptoms" than younger adults who are depressed.
The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. (54) Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that "give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living."
He suggested "social activities of any type-joining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a local college, hanging out at the coffee shop."
Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum.
(55) Brown notes that any activity the person is capable of doing can help to ward off depression and suicidal thinking. And he urges older people to talk to others about their problems.
Part Four Cloze Test
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET2. (10％)
Dad Can’t Handle These Toys
Any parent with a child (56) ______ the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you (57) ______ technology has crept into nearly (58) ________ aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a (59) _____ in point. "It’s the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise," says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has (60) ______ unveiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5, (61) ______ Animal Scramble, which is due (62) _____ stores in September. In (63) _______, me firm will soon release Hyper Jump. "Play and technology are (64) _______," says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents’ Choice Foundation "There’s (65) _______ putting the genie back in the bottle."
Part Five Proofreading
Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether lo mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (\)and write the correct word beside lt. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET2. (10％)
Examples:
eg.1. (56) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.
Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (56) begun→began
eg.2. (57) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.
Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (57) (Scarcely) had (they)
eg.3. (58) Never will I not do it again
Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (58) not
(66) A longtime aide to President Bush who wrote occasional guest columns for his hometown newspaper resigned on Friday evening after admitted that he had repeatedly plagiarized from other writers. (67) The White House called his actions unaccepted. (68) The aide, Tim Goeglein worked for Mr. Bush since 2001, as a liaison to social and religious conservatives, an important component of the president's political base. (69)Mr. Goeglein was influential in decisions on a range of question important to that constituency, including stem cell research, abortion and faith-based initiatives. A blogger in Mr. Goeglein’s hometown, Fort Wayne, Ind., found the plagiarism. (70) "This is not acceptable, and we are being disappointed in Tim's actions, "a White House spokeswoman, Emily Lawrimore, said Friday morning hours before Mr. Goeglein resigned. (71) "He is offered no excuses and he agrees it was wrong." (72) Mr. Goeglein, 44, is small known outside Washington. (73) He is a familiar figure to conservatives and evangelical Christians, who knew him as a spokesman for Gary L. Bauer, the conservative who ran as president in 2000. (74) When Mr. Bauer dropped out the race, Mr. Goeglein signed on with Mr. Bush, eventually, becoming a top aide to Karl Rove, the chief political strategist. (75) He was the eyes and ears of the White House in the world of religion conservatives and an emissary to that world for Mr. Rove and the president.
Part Six Writing
Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words. Write it neatly on ANSWERSHEET2. (15％)
Quite a few teachers complain about students reading fewer books than before. In fact, students nowadays spend more time surfing on the internet and watching movies on DVD’S. Naturally they spend less time reading books. Do you think that students today are less knowledgeable because they read fewer books?
（責任編輯：尚宏）
最後更新：2017-01-01 16:48:58