閱讀202 返回首頁    go 阿裏雲 go 技術社區[雲棲]

LXD 2.0 係列（十）：LXD 和 Juju

介紹

Juju 是 Canonical 的服務建模和部署工具。 它支持非常廣泛的雲服務提供商，使您能夠輕鬆地在任何雲上部署任何您想要的服務。

此外，Juju 2.0 還支持 LXD，既適用於本地部署，也適合開發，並且可以在雲實例或物理機上共同協作。

本篇文章將關注本地使用，通過一個沒有任何Juju經驗的LXD用戶來體驗。

要求

本篇文章假設你已經安裝了 LXD 2.0 並且配置完畢（看前麵的文章），並且是在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 上運行的。

設置 Juju

第一件事是在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安裝 Juju 2.0。這個很簡單：



    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ sudo apt install juju
    2. 

  2. Reading package lists... Done
    3. 

  3. Building dependency tree 
    4. 

  4. Reading state information... Done
    5. 

  5. The following additional packages will be installed:
    6. 

  6.  juju-2.0
    7. 

  7. Suggested packages:
    8. 

  8.  juju-core
    9. 

  9. The following NEW packages will be installed:
    10. 

  10.  juju juju-2.0
    11. 

  11. 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    12. 

  12. Need to get 39.7 MB of archives.
    13. 

  13. After this operation, 269 MB of additional disk space will be used.
    14. 

  14. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
    15. 

  15. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 juju-2.0 amd64 2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1 [39.6 MB]
    16. 

  16. Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 juju all 2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1 [9,556 B]
    17. 

  17. Fetched 39.7 MB in 0s (53.4 MB/s)
    18. 

  18. Selecting previously unselected package juju-2.0.
    19. 

  19. (Reading database ... 255132 files and directories currently installed.)
    20. 

  20. Preparing to unpack .../juju-2.0_2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
    21. 

  21. Unpacking juju-2.0 (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
    22. 

  22. Selecting previously unselected package juju.
    23. 

  23. Preparing to unpack .../juju_2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1_all.deb ...
    24. 

  24. Unpacking juju (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
    25. 

  25. Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
    26. 

  26. Setting up juju-2.0 (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
    27. 

  27. Setting up juju (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
    28. 



安裝完成後，我們可以使用 LXD 啟動一個新的“控製器”。這意味著 Juju 不會修改你主機上的任何東西，它會在 LXD 容器中安裝它的管理服務。


現在我們創建一個“test”控製器：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju bootstrap localhost test
    2. 

  2. Creating Juju controller "local.test" on localhost/localhost
    3. 

  3. Bootstrapping model "admin"
    4. 

  4. Starting new instance for initial controller
    5. 

  5. Launching instance
    6. 

  6.  - juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0
    7. 

  7. Installing Juju agent on bootstrap instance
    8. 

  8. Preparing for Juju GUI 2.1.2 release installation
    9. 

  9. Waiting for address
    10. 

  10. Attempting to connect to 10.178.150.72:22
    11. 

  11. Logging to /var/log/cloud-init-output.log on remote host
    12. 

  12. Running apt-get update
    13. 

  13. Running apt-get upgrade
    14. 

  14. Installing package: curl
    15. 

  15. Installing package: cpu-checker
    16. 

  16. Installing package: bridge-utils
    17. 

  17. Installing package: cloud-utils
    18. 

  18. Installing package: cloud-image-utils
    19. 

  19. Installing package: tmux
    20. 

  20. Fetching tools: curl -sSfw 'tools from %{url_effective} downloaded: HTTP %{http_code}; time %{time_total}s; size %{size_download} bytes; speed %{speed_download} bytes/s ' --retry 10 -o $bin/tools.tar.gz <[https://streams.canonical.com/juju/tools/agent/2.0-beta7/juju-2.0-beta7-xenial-amd64.tgz]>
    21. 

  21. Bootstrapping Juju machine agent
    22. 

  22. Starting Juju machine agent (jujud-machine-0)
    23. 

  23. Bootstrap agent installed
    24. 

  24. Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
    25. 

  25. Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
    26. 

  26. Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
    27. 

  27. Bootstrap complete, local.test now available.
    28. 



這會花費一點時間，這時你可以看到一個正在運行的一個新的 LXD 容器：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
    2. 

  2. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    3. 

  3. | NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
    4. 

  4. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    5. 

  5. | juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
    6. 

  6. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    7. 



在 Juju 這邊，你可以確認它是有響應的，並且還沒有服務運行：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
    2. 

  2. [Services] 
    3. 

  3. NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM 
    4. 

    5. 

  5. [Units] 
    6. 

  6. ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE 
    7. 

    8. 

  8. [Machines] 
    9. 

  9. ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ
    10. 



你也可以在瀏覽器中訪問 Juju 的 GUI 界麵：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju gui
    2. 

  2. Opening the Juju GUI in your browser.
    3. 

  3. If it does not open, open this URL:
    4. 

  4. https://10.178.150.72:17070/gui/97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b/
    5. 



Juju web UI


Juju web UI


不過我更傾向使用命令行，因此我會在接下來使用。



部署一個 minecraft 服務


讓我們先來一個簡單的，部署在一個容器中使用一個 Juju 單元的服務。




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju deploy cs:trusty/minecraft
    2. 

  2. Added charm "cs:trusty/minecraft-3" to the model.
    3. 

  3. Deploying charm "cs:trusty/minecraft-3" with the charm series "trusty".
    4. 



命令返回會很快，然而這不意味著服務已經啟動並運行了。你應該使用 juju status 來查看：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
    2. 

  2. [Services] 
    3. 

  3. NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM 
    4. 

  4. minecraft maintenance false cs:trusty/minecraft-3 
    5. 

    6. 

  6. [Units] 
    7. 

  7. ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE 
    8. 

  8. minecraft/1 maintenance executing 2.0-beta7 1 10.178.150.74 (install) Installing java 
    9. 

    10. 

  10. [Machines] 
    11. 

  11. ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ 
    12. 

  12. 1 started 10.178.150.74 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 trusty 
    13. 

    14. 



我們可以看到它正在忙於在剛剛創建的 LXD 容器中安裝 java。




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
    2. 

  2. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    3. 

  3. | NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
    4. 

  4. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    5. 

  5. | juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
    6. 

  6. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    7. 

  7. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.74 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
    8. 

  8. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    9. 



過一會之後，如我們所見服務就部署完畢了：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
    2. 

  2. [Services] 
    3. 

  3. NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM 
    4. 

  4. minecraft active false cs:trusty/minecraft-3 
    5. 

    6. 

  6. [Units] 
    7. 

  7. ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE 
    8. 

  8. minecraft/1 active idle 2.0-beta7 1 25565/tcp 10.178.150.74 Ready 
    9. 

    10. 

  10. [Machines] 
    11. 

  11. ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ 
    12. 

  12. 1 started 10.178.150.74 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 trusty
    13. 



這時你就可以啟動你的 Minecraft 客戶端了，將其指向 10.178.150.74，端口是 25565。現在可以在新的 minecraft 服務器上玩了！


當你不再需要它，隻需運行：




  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju destroy-service minecraft


隻要等待幾秒就好了。



部署一個更複雜的 web 應用


Juju 的主要工作是建模複雜的服務，並以可擴展的方式部署它們。


為了更好地展示，讓我們部署一個 Juju “組合”。 這個組合是由網站，API，數據庫，靜態 Web 服務器和反向代理組成的基本 Web 服務。


所以這將擴展到 4 個互聯的 LXD 容器。




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju deploy cs:~charmers/bundle/web-infrastructure-in-a-box
    2. 

  2. added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1
    3. 

  3. service api deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
    4. 

  4. annotations set for service api
    5. 

  5. added charm cs:trusty/mongodb-3
    6. 

  6. service mongodb deployed (charm cs:trusty/mongodb-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
    7. 

  7. annotations set for service mongodb
    8. 

  8. added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4
    9. 

  9. service nginx deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
    10. 

  10. annotations set for service nginx
    11. 

  11. added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3
    12. 

  12. service nginx-proxy deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
    13. 

  13. annotations set for service nginx-proxy
    14. 

  14. added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3
    15. 

  15. service website deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
    16. 

  16. annotations set for service website
    17. 

  17. related mongodb:database and api:mongodb
    18. 

  18. related website:nginx-engine and nginx:web-engine
    19. 

  19. related api:website and nginx-proxy:website
    20. 

  20. related nginx-proxy:website and website:website
    21. 

  21. added api/0 unit to new machine
    22. 

  22. added mongodb/0 unit to new machine
    23. 

  23. added nginx/0 unit to new machine
    24. 

  24. added nginx-proxy/0 unit to new machine
    25. 

  25. deployment of bundle "cs:~charmers/bundle/web-infrastructure-in-a-box-10" completed
    26. 



幾秒後，你會看到 LXD 容器在運行了：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
    2. 

  2. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    3. 

  3. | NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
    4. 

  4. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    5. 

  5. | juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
    6. 

  6. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    7. 

  7. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-2 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.98 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
    8. 

  8. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    9. 

  9. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-3 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.29 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
    10. 

  10. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    11. 

  11. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-4 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.202 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
    12. 

  12. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    13. 

  13. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-5 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.214 (eth0) | | PERSISTENT | 0 |
    14. 

  14. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
    15. 



幾分鍾後，所有的服務應該部署完畢並運行了：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
    2. 

  2. [Services] 
    3. 

  3. NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM 
    4. 

  4. api unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1 
    5. 

  5. mongodb unknown false cs:trusty/mongodb-3 
    6. 

  6. nginx unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4 
    7. 

  7. nginx-proxy unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3 
    8. 

  8. website false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3 
    9. 

    10. 

  10. [Relations] 
    11. 

  11. SERVICE1 SERVICE2 RELATION TYPE 
    12. 

  12. api mongodb database regular 
    13. 

  13. api nginx-proxy website regular 
    14. 

  14. mongodb mongodb replica-set peer 
    15. 

  15. nginx website nginx-engine subordinate 
    16. 

  16. nginx-proxy website website regular 
    17. 

    18. 

  18. [Units] 
    19. 

  19. ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE 
    20. 

  20. api/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 2 8000/tcp 10.178.150.98 
    21. 

  21. mongodb/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 3 27017/tcp,27019/tcp,27021/tcp,28017/tcp 10.178.150.29 
    22. 

  22. nginx-proxy/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 5 80/tcp 10.178.150.214 
    23. 

  23. nginx/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 4 10.178.150.202 
    24. 

  24.  website/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 10.178.150.202 
    25. 

    26. 

  26. [Machines] 
    27. 

  27. ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ 
    28. 

  28. 2 started 10.178.150.98 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-2 trusty 
    29. 

  29. 3 started 10.178.150.29 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-3 trusty 
    30. 

  30. 4 started 10.178.150.202 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-4 trusty 
    31. 

  31. 5 started 10.178.150.214 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-5 trusty
    32. 



這時你就可以在 80 端口訪問 https://10.178.150.214，並且會看到一個 Juju 學院頁麵。


Juju Academy web service


Juju Academy web service



清理所有東西


如果你不需要 Juju 創建的容器並且不在乎下次需要再次啟動，最簡單的方法是：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju destroy-controller test --destroy-all-models
    2. 

  2. WARNING! This command will destroy the "local.test" controller.
    3. 

  3. This includes all machines, services, data and other resources.
    4. 

    5. 

  5. Continue [y/N]? y
    6. 

  6. Destroying controller
    7. 

  7. Waiting for hosted model resources to be reclaimed
    8. 

  8. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
    9. 

  9. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
    10. 

  10. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
    11. 

  11. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
    12. 

  12. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
    13. 

  13. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
    14. 

  14. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
    15. 

  15. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
    16. 

  16. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
    17. 

  17. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
    18. 

  18. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
    19. 

  19. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
    20. 

  20. Waiting on 1 model, 2 machines
    21. 

  21. Waiting on 1 model
    22. 

  22. Waiting on 1 model
    23. 

  23. All hosted models reclaimed, cleaning up controller machines
    24. 



我們用下麵的方式確認：




    

  1. stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
    2. 

  2. +------+-------+------+------+------+-----------+
    3. 

  3. | NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
    4. 

  4. +------+-------+------+------+------+-----------+
    5. 




總結


Juju 2.0 內置的 LXD 支持使得可以用一種非常幹淨的方式來測試各種服務。


在 Juju charm store 中有很多預製的“組合”可以用來部署，甚至可以用多個“charm”來組合你想要的架構。


Juju 與 LXD 是一個完美的解決方案，從一個小的 Web 服務到大規模的基礎設施都可以簡單開發，這些都在你自己的機器上，並且不會在你的係統上造成混亂！


原文發布時間為：2017-03-07


本文來自雲棲社區合作夥伴“Linux中國”


最後更新：2017-05-24 16:32:14
  上一篇：go  淺述內核中“掛起到空閑”的實現 
  下一篇：go  sudo 入門指南