obj-c編程15[Cocoa實例03]:MVC以及歸檔化示例
前麵的博文裏介紹了歸檔和解檔,這裏我們把它實際應用到一個簡單的代碼中去,將它作為一個多文檔應用程序的打開和保存的背後支持。另外這裏介紹一下MVC思想,這個在任何語言裏都會有,它是一種設計思想,主要可以概括為一個程序由3部分組成:
1 模式:是程序的數據支持;
2 視圖:是程序的表示支持;
3 控製:連接模式和視圖,將程序構為一個整體;
Cocoa框架中對MVC提供了非常好的支持,你隻需要寫很少的代碼就可以完成一個程序的MVC綁定了。下麵的例子中,我生成一個基於多文檔的程序,使用了NSArrayController類作為控製器,它的數據源為NSArray,其中每個元素由我定義的類Person來描述;主窗口中的tab_view作為主類中的outlets,主類為Document,它派生自NSDocument用來支持多文檔中的每一個文檔窗口。
添加add和remove按鈕,都與NSArrayController中的add和remove方法綁定;tab_view控件的兩列分別與Person類中的2個屬性綁定,每一行自然是Person數組中的每一個Person對象了。這樣每個視圖中的數據表示(tab_view)通過控製器與模式相連,視圖內容的改變(通過add和remove按鈕)也通過控製器從而導致模式數據的改變;而模式自身的改變(通過讀檔操作)也會更新視圖的顯示哦。這樣保證了視圖和模式的獨立性:模式可以在其他視圖上顯示,而視圖也可以綁定其他的模式。
最後,利用歸檔化實現了程序的save和open功能,也基本沒寫幾行代碼,而且save後的文件也自動與我們的程序綁定起來,如果雙擊該文件,會自動用我們的app打開哦,真是十分的方便。具體請看代碼:
// // Document.h // mac_doc // // Created by kinds on 14-7-7. // Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved. // #import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h> @interface Document : NSDocument{ IBOutlet NSTableView *tab_view; NSMutableArray *persons; } -(void)setPersons:(NSMutableArray *)ary; @end
// // Document.m // mac_doc // // Created by kinds on 14-7-7. // Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved. // #import "Document.h" @interface Document () @end @implementation Document - (instancetype)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { // Add your subclass-specific initialization here. persons = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; } return self; } -(void)setPersons:(NSMutableArray *)ary{ if(ary == persons) return; persons = ary; } - (void)windowControllerDidLoadNib:(NSWindowController *)aController { [super windowControllerDidLoadNib:aController]; // Add any code here that needs to be executed once the windowController has loaded the document's window. } + (BOOL)autosavesInPlace { return YES; } - (NSString *)windowNibName { // Override returning the nib file name of the document // If you need to use a subclass of NSWindowController or if your document supports multiple NSWindowControllers, you should remove this method and override -makeWindowControllers instead. return @"Document"; } - (NSData *)dataOfType:(NSString *)name error:(NSError **)out_err { // Insert code here to write your document to data of the specified type. If outError != NULL, ensure that you create and set an appropriate error when returning nil. // You can also choose to override -fileWrapperOfType:error:, -writeToURL:ofType:error:, or -writeToURL:ofType:forSaveOperation:originalContentsURL:error: instead. [[tab_view window] endEditingFor:nil]; return [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:persons]; } - (BOOL)readFromData:(NSData *)data ofType:(NSString *)name \ error:(NSError **)out_err { // Insert code here to read your document from the given data of the specified type. If outError != NULL, ensure that you create and set an appropriate error when returning NO. // You can also choose to override -readFromFileWrapper:ofType:error: or -readFromURL:ofType:error: instead. // If you override either of these, you should also override -isEntireFileLoaded to return NO if the contents are lazily loaded. NSMutableArray *new_ary = nil; @try{ new_ary = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:data]; }@catch(NSException *e){ NSLog(@"exception = %@",e); if(out_err){ NSDictionary *d = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:\ @"data is corrupted!" \ forKey:NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey]; *out_err = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSOSStatusErrorDomain \ code:unimpErr userInfo:d]; } return NO; } [self setPersons:new_ary]; return YES; } @end
// // Person.h // mac_doc // // Created by kinds on 14-7-7. // Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Person : NSObject <NSCoding>{ NSString *name; float exp_raise; } @property(readwrite,copy)NSString *name; @property(readwrite)float exp_raise; @end
// // Person.m // mac_doc // // Created by kinds on 14-7-7. // Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved. // #import "Person.h" @implementation Person @synthesize name,exp_raise; -(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder{ self = [super init]; if(self){ name = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"]; exp_raise = [coder decodeFloatForKey:@"exp_raise"]; } return self; } -(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder{ [coder encodeObject:name forKey:@"name"]; [coder encodeFloat:exp_raise forKey:@"exp_raise"]; } -(id)init{ self = [super init]; if(self){ exp_raise = 0.05; name = @"no_name"; } return self; } -(void)setNilValueForKey:(NSString *)key{ if([key isEqualToString:@"exp_raise"]) self.exp_raise = 0.0; else [super setNilValueForKey:key]; } @end
程序執行界麵如下:
我們還可以設置私有存檔文件的圖標以及擴展名,如下圖:
最後更新:2017-04-03 05:38:58