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obj-c編程15[Cocoa實例03]:MVC以及歸檔化示例

    前麵的博文裏介紹了歸檔和解檔,這裏我們把它實際應用到一個簡單的代碼中去,將它作為一個多文檔應用程序的打開和保存的背後支持。另外這裏介紹一下MVC思想,這個在任何語言裏都會有,它是一種設計思想,主要可以概括為一個程序由3部分組成:

1 模式:是程序的數據支持;

2 視圖:是程序的表示支持;

3 控製:連接模式和視圖,將程序構為一個整體;

    Cocoa框架中對MVC提供了非常好的支持,你隻需要寫很少的代碼就可以完成一個程序的MVC綁定了。下麵的例子中,我生成一個基於多文檔的程序,使用了NSArrayController類作為控製器,它的數據源為NSArray,其中每個元素由我定義的類Person來描述;主窗口中的tab_view作為主類中的outlets,主類為Document,它派生自NSDocument用來支持多文檔中的每一個文檔窗口。


添加add和remove按鈕,都與NSArrayController中的add和remove方法綁定;tab_view控件的兩列分別與Person類中的2個屬性綁定,每一行自然是Person數組中的每一個Person對象了。這樣每個視圖中的數據表示(tab_view)通過控製器與模式相連,視圖內容的改變(通過add和remove按鈕)也通過控製器從而導致模式數據的改變;而模式自身的改變(通過讀檔操作)也會更新視圖的顯示哦。這樣保證了視圖和模式的獨立性:模式可以在其他視圖上顯示,而視圖也可以綁定其他的模式。

    最後,利用歸檔化實現了程序的save和open功能,也基本沒寫幾行代碼,而且save後的文件也自動與我們的程序綁定起來,如果雙擊該文件,會自動用我們的app打開哦,真是十分的方便。具體請看代碼:

//
//  Document.h
//  mac_doc
//
//  Created by kinds on 14-7-7.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>

@interface Document : NSDocument{
	IBOutlet NSTableView *tab_view;
	NSMutableArray *persons;
}

-(void)setPersons:(NSMutableArray *)ary;

@end

//
//  Document.m
//  mac_doc
//
//  Created by kinds on 14-7-7.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Document.h"

@interface Document ()

@end

@implementation Document
            
- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
		// Add your subclass-specific initialization here.
		persons = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
    }
    return self;
}

-(void)setPersons:(NSMutableArray *)ary{
	if(ary == persons) return;
	persons = ary;
}

- (void)windowControllerDidLoadNib:(NSWindowController *)aController {
	[super windowControllerDidLoadNib:aController];
	                            
	// Add any code here that needs to be executed once the windowController has loaded the document's window.
	                            
}

+ (BOOL)autosavesInPlace {
	return YES;
}

- (NSString *)windowNibName {
	// Override returning the nib file name of the document
	// If you need to use a subclass of NSWindowController or if your document supports multiple NSWindowControllers, you should remove this method and override -makeWindowControllers instead.
	return @"Document";
}

- (NSData *)dataOfType:(NSString *)name error:(NSError **)out_err {
	// Insert code here to write your document to data of the specified type. If outError != NULL, ensure that you create and set an appropriate error when returning nil.
	// You can also choose to override -fileWrapperOfType:error:, -writeToURL:ofType:error:, or -writeToURL:ofType:forSaveOperation:originalContentsURL:error: instead.
	[[tab_view window] endEditingFor:nil];
	return [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:persons];
}

- (BOOL)readFromData:(NSData *)data ofType:(NSString *)name \
error:(NSError **)out_err {
	// Insert code here to read your document from the given data of the specified type. If outError != NULL, ensure that you create and set an appropriate error when returning NO.
	// You can also choose to override -readFromFileWrapper:ofType:error: or -readFromURL:ofType:error: instead.
	// If you override either of these, you should also override -isEntireFileLoaded to return NO if the contents are lazily loaded.
	NSMutableArray *new_ary = nil;
	@try{
		new_ary = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:data];
	}@catch(NSException *e){
		NSLog(@"exception = %@",e);
		if(out_err){
			NSDictionary *d = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:\
							   @"data is corrupted!" \
														  forKey:NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey];
			*out_err = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSOSStatusErrorDomain \
										   code:unimpErr userInfo:d];
		}
		return NO;
	}
	[self setPersons:new_ary];
	return YES;
}

@end

//
//  Person.h
//  mac_doc
//
//  Created by kinds on 14-7-7.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject <NSCoding>{
	NSString *name;
	float exp_raise;
}

@property(readwrite,copy)NSString *name;
@property(readwrite)float exp_raise;

@end

//
//  Person.m
//  mac_doc
//
//  Created by kinds on 14-7-7.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

@synthesize name,exp_raise;

-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder{
	self = [super init];
	if(self){
		name = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
		exp_raise = [coder decodeFloatForKey:@"exp_raise"];
	}
	return self;
}

-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder{
	[coder encodeObject:name forKey:@"name"];
	[coder encodeFloat:exp_raise forKey:@"exp_raise"];
}

-(id)init{
	self = [super init];
	if(self){
		exp_raise = 0.05;
		name = @"no_name";
	}
	return self;
}

-(void)setNilValueForKey:(NSString *)key{
	if([key isEqualToString:@"exp_raise"])
		self.exp_raise = 0.0;
	else
		[super setNilValueForKey:key];
}

@end

程序執行界麵如下:


我們還可以設置私有存檔文件的圖標以及擴展名,如下圖:



最後更新:2017-04-03 05:38:58

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