obj-c編程10:Foundation庫中類的使用(6)[線程和操作隊列]
任何語言都不能避而不談線程這個東東,雖然他是和平台相關的鳥,雖說unix哲學比較討厭線程的說...線程不是萬能靈藥,但有些場合還是需要的.談到線程就不得不考慮同步和死鎖問題,見如下代碼:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #define msg(...) NSLog(__VA_ARGS__) @interface Foo:NSObject{ int i; //NSLock *lock; NSRecursiveLock *lock; } @property(atomic) int i; @end @implementation Foo @synthesize i; -(id)init{ self = [super init]; if(self){ i = 0; //lock = [[NSLock alloc] init]; lock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init]; } return self; } -(void)loop{ int org_i = 0; for(int x = 0;x < 5000;++x){ org_i = i; [self inc]; //self.i++; msg(@"%@:i has %d to %d",[[NSThread currentThread] name],\ org_i,i); } } -(void)inc{ //@synchronized(self){ [lock lock]; i++; [lock unlock]; //} } -(int)val{ return i; } @end #define msg(...) NSLog(__VA_ARGS__) int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { @autoreleasepool{ id t = nil; Foo *foo = [[Foo alloc] init]; NSMutableArray *ary = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; for(int i = 0;i<10;++i){ t = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:foo selector:@selector(loop) \ object:nil]; [t setName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"thread_%d",i]]; [ary addObject:t]; } for(NSThread *t in ary){ [t start]; } BOOL quit = NO; while(true){ for(NSThread *t in ary){ quit = [t isFinished]; if(!quit) break; } if(quit) break; [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1.0]; } msg(@"at last val is %d",[foo val]); } return 0; }
以上代碼涉及到線程的創建和同步代碼.除了通過線程實例方法initWithTarget:...方法創建以外還可以通過線程類方法+detachNewThreadSelector:...來創建,後一種方法創建後線程立即執行,而前一種方法需要使用-start方法啟動線程.線程的同步可以通過NSLock類的lock和unlock方法,或者可以使用obj-c的關鍵字:@synchronize來實現快速快速同步語義.對於類屬性來說,可以通過關鍵字atomic來聲明該屬性的原子性,不過實際執行好像不能確保同步,本貓哪裏沒考慮到呢?
我在使用NSURLConnection類獲取網絡數據的時候發現協議回調方法無法被回調,開始我以為可能回調需要時間執行,所以我在主線程中使用了循環+sleep函數等待其isFinished回調的完成.但是這個循環永遠也不會結束.後來發現NSURLConnection類的工作需要在主線程的"剩餘時間片"中完成,所以你sleep還是不行,等於主線程直接睡眠了不會分到時間片啊.這時你可以使用F庫中提供的NSRunLoop類的功能來完成:
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runUntilDate ...]
Cocoa GUI框架不是線程安全的,這意味著其他線程如果需要更新GUI組件必須通過主線程來實現,這可以通過NSObject實例方法-performSelectorOnMainThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:來實現;同樣的除了指定讓主線程做事之外,還可以指定讓其他後台線程上執行選擇器:-performSelector:onThread:waitIntilDone: .
線程是一種比較底層的OS提供的接口,obj-c提供了包裝線程的更高級的邏輯接口,這就是NSOperation和NSOperationQueue類,這種新型線程模型核心稱為GCD.你隻需把需要完成的任務放入NSOperationQueue隊列中,該隊列會根據係統cpu情況自動生成和銷毀一定數目的線程來完成工作,你就不用操心啦.你可以派生NSOperation類並覆寫其main方法來添加任務單元;你也可以使用F庫自帶的更方便的更專注於任務的NSInvocationOperation和NSBlockOperation類來描述任務單元.最後你可以使用-waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished方法等待隊列中所有任務都完成.下麵我寫了一個簡單的利用隊列多線程完成任務的代碼,每一項任務單元就是給文件改名(但不改文件夾的名字),所有都在代碼裏嘍:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #define msg(...) printf("[%d]\n",__LINE__);NSLog(__VA_ARGS__) @interface RenameConcur:NSObject{ NSString *path; NSString *prefix; } @property NSString *path; @property NSString *prefix; -(id)initWithPath:(NSString*)path andPrefix:(NSString*)prefix; -(void)renameWithPrefix; @end @implementation RenameConcur @synthesize path,prefix; -(id)initWithPath:(NSString*)path_v andPrefix:(NSString*)prefix_v{ self = [super init]; if(self){ path = [path_v stringByExpandingTildeInPath]; prefix = prefix_v; } return self; } -(id)init{ return [self initWithPath:nil andPrefix:nil]; } -(void)renameWithPrefix{ if(!prefix || !path){ msg(@"obj's prefix or path is nil!"); } else{ NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; BOOL is_dir = NO; if([fm fileExistsAtPath:path isDirectory:&is_dir] == NO){ msg(@"file %@ is not exist!",path); return; }else if(is_dir){ msg(@"path %@ is directory,do nothing!",path); return; } NSString *just_name = [path lastPathComponent]; NSString *just_path = [path stringByDeletingLastPathComponent]; NSString *new_path = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@%@",just_path,prefix,just_name]; if([fm moveItemAtPath:path toPath:new_path error:NULL] == NO){ msg(@"rename %@ to %@ failed!",path,new_path); return; } } } @end int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { @autoreleasepool{ /* NSString *path = @"~/src/objc_src/ddd.m"; NSString *prefix = @"love_"; RenameConcur *rnc = [[RenameConcur alloc] initWithPath:path andPrefix:prefix]; [rnc renameWithPrefix]; NSString *dir_path = [@"~/src/dir_love" stringByExpandingTildeInPath]; NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSArray *files = [fm contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:dir_path error:NULL]; msg(@"files : %@",files); for(NSString *file in files){ [rnc setPath:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@",dir_path,file]]; [rnc renameWithPrefix]; } */ NSProcessInfo *process = [NSProcessInfo processInfo]; NSArray *args = [process arguments]; if([args count] != 3){ printf("usage : %s path prefix (notice : path's end don't with /)\n",\ [[[args objectAtIndex:0] lastPathComponent] \ cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]); return 1; } NSString *dir_path = [[args objectAtIndex:1] stringByExpandingTildeInPath]; NSString *prefix = [args objectAtIndex:2]; NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSArray *files = [fm contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:dir_path error:NULL]; if(!files){ msg(@"get dir [%@] files's name failed!",dir_path); return 2; } NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]; for(NSString *file in files){ RenameConcur *rnc_n = [[RenameConcur alloc] initWithPath:\ [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@",dir_path,file] andPrefix:prefix]; NSOperation *op = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:rnc_n \ selector:@selector(renameWithPrefix) object:nil]; [queue addOperation:op]; } [queue waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished]; } return 0; }
最後更新:2017-04-03 05:39:29