987      技術社區[雲棲]

Inxi：一個功能強大的獲取 Linux 係統信息的命令行工具

Inxi 最初是為控製台和 IRC（網絡中繼聊天）開發的一個強大且優秀的命令行係統信息腳本。可以使用它獲取用戶的硬件和係統信息，它也用於調試或者社區技術支持工具。

使用 Inxi 可以很容易的獲取所有的硬件信息：硬盤、聲卡、顯卡、網卡、CPU 和 RAM 等。同時也能夠獲取大量的操作係統信息，比如硬件驅動、Xorg 、桌麵環境、內核、GCC 版本，進程，開機時間和內存等信息。

運行在命令行和 IRC 上的 Inxi 輸出略有不同，IRC 上會有一些可供用戶使用的默認過濾器和顏色選項。支持的 IRC 客戶端有：BitchX、Gaim/Pidgin、ircII、Irssi、 Konversation、 Kopete、 KSirc、 KVIrc、 Weechat 和 Xchat 以及其它的一些客戶端，它們具有展示內置或外部 Inxi 輸出的能力。

在 Linux 係統上安裝 Inxi

大多數主流 Linux 發行版的倉庫中都有 Inxi ，包括大多數 BSD 係統。

1. $ sudo apt-get install inxi [On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint]
2. $ sudo yum install inxi [On CentOs/RHEL/Fedora]
3. $ sudo dnf install inxi [On Fedora 22+]

在使用 Inxi 之前，用下麵的命令查看 Inxi 所有依賴和推薦的應用，以及各種目錄，並顯示需要安裝哪些包來支持給定的功能。

1. $ inxi --recommends

Inxi 的輸出：

1. inxi will now begin checking for the programs it needs to operate. First a check of the main languages and tools
2. inxi uses. Python is only for debugging data collection.
3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Bash version: 4.3.42(1)-release
5. Gawk version: 4.1.3,
6. Sed version:
7. Sudo version: 1.8.16
8. Python version: 2.7.12
9. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Test One: Required System Directories (Linux Only).
11. If one of these system directories is missing, inxi cannot operate:
12. /proc....................................................................... Present
13. /sys........................................................................ Present
14. All the directories are present.
15. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Test Two: Required Core Applications.
17. If one of these applications is missing, inxi cannot operate:
18. df (info: partition data)................................................... /bin/df
19. gawk (info: core tool)...................................................... /usr/bin/gawk
20. grep (info: string search).................................................. /bin/grep
21. lspci (info: hardware data)................................................. /usr/bin/lspci
22. ps (info: process data)..................................................... /bin/ps
23. readlink.................................................................... /bin/readlink
24. sed (info: string replace).................................................. /bin/sed
25. tr (info: character replace)................................................ /usr/bin/tr
26. uname (info: kernel data)................................................... /bin/uname
27. wc (info: word character count)............................................. /usr/bin/wc
28. All the applications are present.
29. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. Test Three: Script Recommends for Graphics Features.
31. NOTE: If you do not use X these do not matter (like a headless server). Otherwise, if one of these applications
32. is missing, inxi will have incomplete output:
33. glxinfo (info: -G glx info)................................................. /usr/bin/glxinfo
34. xdpyinfo (info: -G multi screen resolution)................................. /usr/bin/xdpyinfo
35. xprop (info: -S desktop data)............................................... /usr/bin/xprop
36. xrandr (info: -G single screen resolution).................................. /usr/bin/xrandr
37. All the applications are present.
38. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
39. Test Four: Script Recommends for Remaining Features.
40. If one of these applications is missing, inxi will have incomplete output:
41. dig (info: -i first wlan ip default test)................................... /usr/bin/dig
42. dmidecode (info: -M if no sys machine data; -m memory)...................... /usr/sbin/dmidecode
43. file (info: -o unmounted file system)....................................... /usr/bin/file
44. hciconfig (info: -n -i bluetooth data)...................................... /bin/hciconfig
45. hddtemp (info: -Dx show hdd temp)........................................... /usr/sbin/hddtemp
46. ifconfig (info: -i ip lan-deprecated)....................................... /sbin/ifconfig
47. ip (info: -i ip lan)........................................................ /sbin/ip
48. sensors (info: -s sensors output)........................................... /usr/bin/sensors
49. strings (info: -I sysvinit version)......................................... /usr/bin/strings
50. lsusb (info: -A usb audio;-N usb networking)................................ /usr/bin/lsusb
51. modinfo (info: -Ax,-Nx module version)...................................... /sbin/modinfo
52. runlevel (info: -I runlevel)................................................ /sbin/runlevel
53. sudo (info: -Dx hddtemp-user;-o file-user).................................. /usr/bin/sudo
54. uptime (info: -I uptime (check which package owns Debian)).................. /usr/bin/uptime
55. All the applications are present.
56. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
57. Test Five: Script Recommends for Remaining Features.
58. One of these downloaders needed for options -i/-w/-W (-U/-! [11-15], if supported):
59. wget (info: -i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-! [11-15] (if supported))................... /usr/bin/wget
60. curl (info: -i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-! [11-15] (if supported))................... /usr/bin/curl
61. All the applications are present.
62. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
63. Test Six: System Directories for Various Information.
64. (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems)
65. If one of these directories is missing, inxi may have incomplete output:
66. /sys/class/dmi/id (info: -M system, motherboard, bios)...................... Present
67. /dev (info: -l,-u,-o,-p,-P,-D disk partition data).......................... Present
68. /dev/disk/by-label (info: -l,-o,-p,-P partition labels)..................... Present
69. /dev/disk/by-uuid (info: -u,-o,-p,-P partition uuid)........................ Present
70. All the directories are present.
71. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
72. Test Seven: System Files for Various Information.
73. (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems)
74. If one of these files is missing, inxi may have incomplete output:
75. /proc/asound/cards (info: -A sound card data)............................... Present
76. /proc/asound/version (info: -A ALSA data)................................... Present
77. /proc/cpuinfo (info: -C cpu data)........................................... Present
78. /etc/lsb-release (info: -S distro version data [deprecated])................ Present
79. /proc/mdstat (info: -R mdraid data)......................................... Present
80. /proc/meminfo (info: -I memory data)........................................ Present
81. /etc/os-release (info: -S distro version data).............................. Present
82. /proc/partitions (info: -p,-P partitions data).............................. Present
83. /proc/modules (info: -G module data)........................................ Present
84. /proc/mounts (info: -P,-p partition advanced data).......................... Present
85. /var/run/dmesg.boot (info: -D,-d disk data [BSD only])...................... Missing
86. /proc/scsi/scsi (info: -D Advanced hard disk data [used rarely])............ Present
87. /var/log/Xorg.0.log (info: -G graphics driver load status).................. Present
88. The following files are missing from your system:
89. File: /var/run/dmesg.boot
90. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
91. All tests completed.

Inxi 工具的基本用法

用下麵的基本用法獲取係統和硬件的詳細信息。

獲取 Linux 係統信息

Inix 不加任何選項就能輸出下麵的信息：CPU 、內核、開機時長、內存大小、硬盤大小、進程數、登錄終端以及 Inxi 版本。

1. $ inxi
2. CPU~Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) speed/max~2164/2700 MHz Kernel~4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 Up~3:15 Mem~3122.0/7879.9MB HDD~1000.2GB(20.0% used) Procs~234 Client~Shell inxi~2.2.35

獲取內核和發行版本信息

使用 Inxi 的 -S 選項查看本機係統信息（主機名、內核信息、桌麵環境和發行版）：

1. $ inxi -S
2. System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
3. Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah

獲取電腦機型

使用 -M 選項查看機型（筆記本/台式機）、產品 ID 、機器版本、主板、製造商和 BIOS 等信息：

1. $ inxi -M
2. Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
3. Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014

獲取 CPU 及主頻信息

使用 -C 選項查看完整的 CPU 信息，包括每核 CPU 的頻率及可用的最大主頻。

1. $ inxi -C
2. CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB
3. clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1942 MHz 2: 1968 MHz 3: 1734 MHz 4: 1710 MHz

獲取顯卡信息

使用 -G 選項查看顯卡信息，包括顯卡類型、顯示服務器、係統分辨率、GLX 渲染器和 GLX 版本等等（LCTT 譯注： GLX 是一個 X 窗口係統的 OpenGL 擴展）。

1. $ inxi -G
2. Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
3. Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
4. Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
5. GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0

獲取聲卡信息

使用 -A 選項查看聲卡信息：

1. $ inxi -A
2. Audio: Card-1 Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic
3. Card-2 Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel

獲取網卡信息

使用 -N 選項查看網卡信息：

1. $ inxi -N
2. Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
3. Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be

獲取硬盤信息

使用 -D 選項查看硬盤信息（大小、ID、型號）：

1. $ inxi -D
2. Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size: 1000.2GB

獲取簡要的係統信息

使用 -b 選項顯示上述信息的簡要係統信息：

1. $ inxi -b
2. System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
3. Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
4. Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
5. Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
6. CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) speed/max: 2018/2700 MHz
7. Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
8. Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
9. Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
10. GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
11. Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
12. Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
13. Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used)
14. Info: Processes: 233 Uptime: 3:23 Memory: 3137.5/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35

獲取硬盤分區信息

使用 -p 選項輸出完整的硬盤分區信息，包括每個分區的分區大小、已用空間、可用空間、文件係統以及文件係統類型。

1. $ inxi -p
2. Partition: ID-1: / size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10
3. ID-2: swap-1 size: 4.00GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda9

獲取完整的 Linux 係統信息

使用 -F 選項查看可以完整的 Inxi 輸出（安全起見比如網絡 IP 地址信息沒有顯示，下麵的示例隻顯示部分輸出信息）：

1. $ inxi -F
2. System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
3. Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
4. Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
5. Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
6. CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB
7. clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1716 MHz 2: 1764 MHz 3: 1776 MHz 4: 1800 MHz
8. Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
9. Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
10. Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
11. GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
12. Audio: Card-1 Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic
13. Card-2 Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
14. Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
15. IF: enp1s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98
16. Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
17. IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac: 38:b1:db:7c:78:c7
18. Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size: 1000.2GB
19. Partition: ID-1: / size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10
20. ID-2: swap-1 size: 4.00GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda9
21. RAID: No RAID devices: /proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present
22. Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 56.0C mobo: N/A
23. Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
24. Info: Processes: 234 Uptime: 3:26 Memory: 3188.9/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35

使用 Inxi 工具監控 Linux 係統

下麵是監控 Linux 係統進程、開機時間和內存的幾個選項的使用方法。

監控 Linux 進程的內存使用

使用下麵的命令查看進程數、開機時間和內存使用情況：

1. $ inxi -I
2. Info: Processes: 232 Uptime: 3:35 Memory: 3256.3/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35

監控進程占用的 CPU 和內存資源

Inxi 默認顯示 前 5 個最消耗 CPU 和內存的進程。 -t 選項和 c 選項一起使用查看前 5 個最消耗 CPU 資源的進程，查看最消耗內存的進程使用 -t 選項和 m 選項； -t選項 和 cm 選項一起使用顯示前 5 個最消耗 CPU 和內存資源的進程。

1. ----------------- Linux CPU Usage -----------------
2. $ inxi -t c
3. Processes: CPU: % used - top 5 active
4. 1: cpu: 53.7% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
5. 2: cpu: 20.0% command: java pid: 1527
6. 3: cpu: 19.7% command: firefox pid: 3018
7. 4: cpu: 4.6% command: Xorg pid: 2114
8. 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835

1. ----------------- Linux Memoery Usage -----------------
2. $ inxi -t m
3. Processes: Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3212.5/7879.9MB - top 5 active
4. 1: mem: 980.51MB (12.4%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066
5. 2: mem: 508.96MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527
6. 3: mem: 507.89MB (6.4%) command: firefox pid: 3018
7. 4: mem: 244.05MB (3.0%) command: chrome pid: 7405
8. 5: mem: 211.46MB (2.6%) command: chrome pid: 6146

1. ----------------- Linux CPU and Memory Usage -----------------
2. $ inxi -t cm
3. Processes: CPU: % used - top 5 active
4. 1: cpu: 53.7% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
5. 2: cpu: 20.0% command: java pid: 1527
6. 3: cpu: 19.7% command: firefox pid: 3018
7. 4: cpu: 4.6% command: Xorg pid: 2114
8. 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835
9. Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3223.6/7879.9MB - top 5 active
10. 1: mem: 991.93MB (12.5%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066
11. 2: mem: 508.96MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527
12. 3: mem: 507.86MB (6.4%) command: firefox pid: 3018
13. 4: mem: 244.45MB (3.1%) command: chrome pid: 7405
14. 5: mem: 211.68MB (2.6%) command: chrome pid: 6146

可以在選項 cm 後跟一個整數（在 1-20 之間）設置顯示多少個進程，下麵的命令顯示了前 10 個最消耗 CPU 和內存的進程：

1. $ inxi -t cm10
2. Processes: CPU: % used - top 10 active
3. 1: cpu: 53.4% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
4. 2: cpu: 19.8% command: java pid: 1527
5. 3: cpu: 19.5% command: firefox pid: 3018
6. 4: cpu: 4.5% command: Xorg pid: 2114
7. 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 最後更新：2017-05-22 14:32:43

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