300
再說Oracle Listener動靜態注冊
監聽器Listener是Oracle Client Process和實例遠程建立連接關係的必經之路。借助Listener，Client Process可以實現和一個特定的Server Process建立連接關係，開啟Session會話，操作Oracle Instance。
在Oracle體係中，Listener是一個獨立的進程。Listener的運行是獨立於Oracle實例的。在Windows或者Unix/Linux架構中，監聽器都是被實現為一個獨立的係統進程Process。監聽器在工作中，是侍候在特定的端口Port上，接受Client Process通過Oracle Net協議訪問。同時，監聽器需要知道所在服務器上的Oracle實例提供的Service Name和對應目錄，這個過程，我們稱之為“Register”（注冊）。
對於注冊過程，Oracle監聽器提供動靜態兩種注冊方法。不同的注冊方法有不同的配置方式和特點，也有各自獨特的使用場景。本篇就著重介紹一些動靜態注冊問題。
1、Listener默認動態監聽配置
我們的實驗從筆者虛擬機的實際配置開始，選擇Oracle版本為11gR2。
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
使用lsnrctl命令查看監聽器狀態。
[oracle@bsplinux ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 15:49:00
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 17-JUL-2012 19:52:13
Uptime 65 days 19 hr. 56 min. 47 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
在status命令參數結果輸出中，我們可以看到監聽器的工作狀態。此時，Listener使用Oracle NET參數文件listener.ora，同時監聽器注冊兩個服務項目，名稱為ora11g和ora11gXDB。從兩個服務的READY狀態，可以知道使用動態注冊方法。
我們在操作係統層麵查看listener.ora文件。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/network/admin
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ ls -l
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 May 22 21:21 listener1205229PM2122.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 May 22 19:57 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 22 15:54 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 187 May 9 2007 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 310 May 22 21:22 tnsnames.ora
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bsplinux)(PORT =1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app
Oracle Net Service三大配置文件為：listener.ora、sqlnet.ora和tnsnames.ora。其中listener.ora定義了監聽器信息。在上麵的監聽器配置信息中，定義了監聽器監聽端口1521（默認端口）。注意，文件中沒有定義與ora11g實例有關的內容。這個就是使用了動態注冊機製。
2、動態監聽
所謂動態監聽，就是在listener.ora文件中，不需要定義實例Instance具體名稱和位置。Oracle實例會在運行之後，由後台進程pmon會周期性的（1-3分鍾）到指定端口1521進行狀態信息通知。Listener就會自動的進行更新Service情況。
在上一個部分，我們已經看到了存在listener.ora文件情況下的動態注冊情況。事實上，如果沒有listener.ora文件，我們也是可以實現默認的動態注冊監聽器的功能。
首先，我們刪除listener.ora文件。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ mv listener.ora listener_bak.ora
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ ls -l | grep listener.ora
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$
啟動監聽器。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 15:51:50
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Log messages written to /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:51:51
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
注意，上麵的內容中沒有Listener Parameter的內容。監聽器在1521端口等待。過一分鍾左右，注冊內容顯示。
--Pmon存在
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ ps -ef | grep pmon
oracle 10442 10359 0 15:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep pmon
oracle 24187 1 0 Sep11 ? 00:02:33 ora_pmon_ora11g
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 15:52:58
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:51:51
Uptime 0 days 0 hr.1 min. 7 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
動態注冊在實際中是非常有用的。pmon後台進程是Oracle實例生死的重要指標，周期性的pmon注冊到Listener中，實際上也是實現了一個功能：實例生存狀態匯集。
當我們的實例崩潰，但是監聽器存活的時候，監聽器不能受到pmon的周期性注冊信息。監聽器也就可以實現某種類型的failover。
但是，動態注冊也不是萬能的。其中一個問題就是，動態注冊隻能進行1521的端口注冊。如果我們變化端口，就不能實現動態注冊方式了。
我們修改listener.ora文件中的端口信息，如果使用非1521端口，就必須使用listener.ora配置。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ ls -l
total 44
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 May 22 21:21 listener1205229PM2122.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 May 22 19:57 listener_bak.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 Sep 21 15:56 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 22 15:54 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 187 May 9 2007 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 310 May 22 21:22 tnsnames.ora
--修改參數端口為1522
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bsplinux)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app
啟動監聽器，使用1522端口。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 15:58:05
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on:(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:58:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
等待三分鍾或者手工進行注冊，都不能讓1522端口的監聽器注冊內容。
--三分鍾和手工注冊嚐試
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 16:01:12
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:58:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 3 min. 6 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
--手工注冊監聽器
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 16:02:42
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:58:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 4 min. 37 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
上麵告訴我們，雖然動態注冊有很多優勢，但是隻能使用1521端口。這就會產生很大的限製。從安全角度看，我們通常要避免使用默認端口，防止惡意的端口掃描。
那麼，我們很多時候，就要選擇靜態注冊方法。
3、靜態注冊
靜態注冊是一種古老的注冊手段。簡單的說，就是監聽器的實例注冊信息是直接寫在listener.ora文件裏的。當監聽器啟動之後，Oracle會根據配置的listener.ora定義的服務去進行連接匹配。
這個過程中，一個重點在於：Oracle的注冊信息是寫死在文件裏麵的。監聽器並不能像動態注冊那樣切實知道Oracle實例的情況，所以靜態注冊的狀態取值通常是UNKNOW。
配置監聽器靜態注冊：
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(SID_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bsplinux)(PORT =1522))
)
)
啟動監聽器：
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 16:38:59
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
（篇幅原因，省略……）
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
--連接
SQL> conn scott/tiger@ora11g;
Connected.
靜態注冊的一個問題，在於監聽程序是不知道Oracle實例的真實生存情況。即使實例已經崩潰、關閉，監聽器也不能知道這個信息。
--關閉Oracle服務器
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 21 16:48:40 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
--監聽器依然提供實例信息；
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 16:50:19
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 16:38:59
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 11 min. 20 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
4、靜態注冊與遠程服務器啟動
靜態注冊幫助我們解決了一個問題，就是我們如何在Oracle服務器停機的時候，還能夠遠程通過Oracle Net連接到Oracle，並啟動服務器。
在動態注冊時，我們遠程連接到監聽器時，監聽器是不能識別請求連接的名稱的。這就造成我們不能遠程登錄。使用靜態注冊，恰恰可能幫助我們實現這個需求。
C:\Users\Tomas>tnsping ora11gp
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-9月-
2012 09:38:25
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已使用的參數文件:
D:\oracle\product\11.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
已使用TNSNAMES適配器來解析別名
嚐試連接(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.39.69)(PORT = 1522))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)))
OK (0毫秒)
使用sqlplus進行連接。
C:\Users\Tomas>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on星期五9月21 09:38:39 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn sys/oracle@ora11gp as sysdba
已連接到空閑例程。
SQL> startup
ORACLE例程已經啟動。
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1336960 bytes
Variable Size 318769536 bytes
Database Buffers 96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes
數據庫裝載完畢。
數據庫已經打開。
SQL>
確定服務器啟動。
[oracle@bsplinux ~]$ ps -ef | grep pmon
oracle 11002 1 0 16:55 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora11g
oracle 11147 10784 0 17:02 pts/1 00:00:00 grep pmon
監聽器Listener是Oracle Client Process和實例遠程建立連接關係的必經之路。借助Listener，Client Process可以實現和一個特定的Server Process建立連接關係，開啟Session會話，操作Oracle Instance。
在Oracle體係中，Listener是一個獨立的進程。Listener的運行是獨立於Oracle實例的。在Windows或者Unix/Linux架構中，監聽器都是被實現為一個獨立的係統進程Process。監聽器在工作中，是侍候在特定的端口Port上，接受Client Process通過Oracle Net協議訪問。同時，監聽器需要知道所在服務器上的Oracle實例提供的Service Name和對應目錄，這個過程，我們稱之為“Register”（注冊）。
對於注冊過程，Oracle監聽器提供動靜態兩種注冊方法。不同的注冊方法有不同的配置方式和特點，也有各自獨特的使用場景。本篇就著重介紹一些動靜態注冊問題。
1、Listener默認動態監聽配置
我們的實驗從筆者虛擬機的實際配置開始，選擇Oracle版本為11gR2。
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
使用lsnrctl命令查看監聽器狀態。
[oracle@bsplinux ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 15:49:00
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 17-JUL-2012 19:52:13
Uptime 65 days 19 hr. 56 min. 47 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
在status命令參數結果輸出中，我們可以看到監聽器的工作狀態。此時，Listener使用Oracle NET參數文件listener.ora，同時監聽器注冊兩個服務項目，名稱為ora11g和ora11gXDB。從兩個服務的READY狀態，可以知道使用動態注冊方法。
我們在操作係統層麵查看listener.ora文件。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/network/admin
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ ls -l
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 May 22 21:21 listener1205229PM2122.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 May 22 19:57 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 22 15:54 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 187 May 9 2007 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 310 May 22 21:22 tnsnames.ora
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bsplinux)(PORT =1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app
Oracle Net Service三大配置文件為：listener.ora、sqlnet.ora和tnsnames.ora。其中listener.ora定義了監聽器信息。在上麵的監聽器配置信息中，定義了監聽器監聽端口1521（默認端口）。注意，文件中沒有定義與ora11g實例有關的內容。這個就是使用了動態注冊機製。
2、動態監聽
所謂動態監聽，就是在listener.ora文件中，不需要定義實例Instance具體名稱和位置。Oracle實例會在運行之後，由後台進程pmon會周期性的（1-3分鍾）到指定端口1521進行狀態信息通知。Listener就會自動的進行更新Service情況。
在上一個部分，我們已經看到了存在listener.ora文件情況下的動態注冊情況。事實上，如果沒有listener.ora文件，我們也是可以實現默認的動態注冊監聽器的功能。
首先，我們刪除listener.ora文件。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ mv listener.ora listener_bak.ora
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ ls -l | grep listener.ora
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$
啟動監聽器。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 15:51:50
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Log messages written to /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:51:51
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
注意，上麵的內容中沒有Listener Parameter的內容。監聽器在1521端口等待。過一分鍾左右，注冊內容顯示。
--Pmon存在
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ ps -ef | grep pmon
oracle 10442 10359 0 15:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep pmon
oracle 24187 1 0 Sep11 ? 00:02:33 ora_pmon_ora11g
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 15:52:58
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:51:51
Uptime 0 days 0 hr.1 min. 7 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
動態注冊在實際中是非常有用的。pmon後台進程是Oracle實例生死的重要指標，周期性的pmon注冊到Listener中，實際上也是實現了一個功能：實例生存狀態匯集。
當我們的實例崩潰，但是監聽器存活的時候，監聽器不能受到pmon的周期性注冊信息。監聽器也就可以實現某種類型的failover。
但是，動態注冊也不是萬能的。其中一個問題就是，動態注冊隻能進行1521的端口注冊。如果我們變化端口，就不能實現動態注冊方式了。
我們修改listener.ora文件中的端口信息，如果使用非1521端口，就必須使用listener.ora配置。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ ls -l
total 44
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 May 22 21:21 listener1205229PM2122.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 May 22 19:57 listener_bak.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 288 Sep 21 15:56 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 22 15:54 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 187 May 9 2007 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 310 May 22 21:22 tnsnames.ora
--修改參數端口為1522
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bsplinux)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app
啟動監聽器，使用1522端口。
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 15:58:05
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on:(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:58:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
等待三分鍾或者手工進行注冊，都不能讓1522端口的監聽器注冊內容。
--三分鍾和手工注冊嚐試
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 16:01:12
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:58:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 3 min. 6 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
--手工注冊監聽器
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 16:02:42
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 15:58:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 4 min. 37 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
上麵告訴我們，雖然動態注冊有很多優勢，但是隻能使用1521端口。這就會產生很大的限製。從安全角度看，我們通常要避免使用默認端口，防止惡意的端口掃描。
那麼，我們很多時候，就要選擇靜態注冊方法。
3、靜態注冊
靜態注冊是一種古老的注冊手段。簡單的說，就是監聽器的實例注冊信息是直接寫在listener.ora文件裏的。當監聽器啟動之後，Oracle會根據配置的listener.ora定義的服務去進行連接匹配。
這個過程中，一個重點在於：Oracle的注冊信息是寫死在文件裏麵的。監聽器並不能像動態注冊那樣切實知道Oracle實例的情況，所以靜態注冊的狀態取值通常是UNKNOW。
配置監聽器靜態注冊：
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(SID_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bsplinux)(PORT =1522))
)
)
啟動監聽器：
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 16:38:59
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
（篇幅原因，省略……）
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
--連接
SQL> conn scott/tiger@ora11g;
Connected.
靜態注冊的一個問題，在於監聽程序是不知道Oracle實例的真實生存情況。即使實例已經崩潰、關閉，監聽器也不能知道這個信息。
--關閉Oracle服務器
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 21 16:48:40 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
--監聽器依然提供實例信息；
[oracle@bsplinux admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-SEP-2012 16:50:19
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-SEP-2012 16:38:59
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 11 min. 20 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/bsplinux/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bsplinux)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
4、靜態注冊與遠程服務器啟動
靜態注冊幫助我們解決了一個問題，就是我們如何在Oracle服務器停機的時候，還能夠遠程通過Oracle Net連接到Oracle，並啟動服務器。
在動態注冊時，我們遠程連接到監聽器時，監聽器是不能識別請求連接的名稱的。這就造成我們不能遠程登錄。使用靜態注冊，恰恰可能幫助我們實現這個需求。
C:\Users\Tomas>tnsping ora11gp
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-9月-
2012 09:38:25
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已使用的參數文件:
D:\oracle\product\11.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
已使用TNSNAMES適配器來解析別名
嚐試連接(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.39.69)(PORT = 1522))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)))
OK (0毫秒)
使用sqlplus進行連接。
C:\Users\Tomas>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on星期五9月21 09:38:39 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn sys/oracle@ora11gp as sysdba
已連接到空閑例程。
SQL> startup
ORACLE例程已經啟動。
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1336960 bytes
Variable Size 318769536 bytes
Database Buffers 96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes
數據庫裝載完畢。
數據庫已經打開。
SQL>
確定服務器啟動。
[oracle@bsplinux ~]$ ps -ef | grep pmon
oracle 11002 1 0 16:55 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora11g
oracle 11147 10784 0 17:02 pts/1 00:00:00 grep pmon
最後更新：2017-04-02 15:14:53