存儲係統的分類

之前收集了一些存儲產品，最近又重新整理了一下，對他們進行了簡單的分類。每個對存儲的分類可能不僅相同，我的分類完全按照自己的喜好來分，如和您的分類不同，僅供參考。隻是做了搜集和分類，少量產品加了寫介紹，希望以後有時間，加更多更詳細的介紹。

1.存儲引擎

1.1 Hash Table

1.1.1 dbm (database manager)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dbm

The dbm library stores arbitrary data by use of a single key (a primary key) in fixed-size buckets and uses hashing techniques to enable fast retrieval of the data by key.

1.2 btree

1.2.1 berkerlydb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB

https://baike.baidu.com/view/1281930.htm

Key/value數據模型

Berkeley DB最初開發的目的是以新的HASH訪問算法來代替舊的hsearch函數和大量的dbm實現（如AT&T的dbm，Berkeley的 ndbm，GNU項目的gdbm）

oracle

Written in C, java

BTREE, HASH, QUEUE, RECNO storage

https://www.oracle.com/database/berkeley-db/db.html

https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/berkeleydb/overview/index.html

1.2.2 LMDB (Lightning Memory-Mapped Database)

LMDB is a Btree-based database management library modeled loosely on the BerkeleyDB API, but much simplified. The entire database is exposed in a memory map, and all data fetches return data directly from the mapped memory, so no malloc's or memcpy's occur during data fetches.

https://symas.com/products/lightning-memory-mapped-database/

https://github.com/LMDB/lmdb

https://www.lmdb.tech/doc/

1.2.3 BoltDB

Bolt is a pure Go key/value store inspired by Howard Chu's LMDB project.

https://github.com/boltdb

https://github.com/boltdb/bolt

1.3 LSM

1.3.1 LevelDB

https://github.com/google/leveldb

C++, google

1.3.2 RocksDB

https://rocksdb.org/

https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/

C++/java

1.3.3GoLevelDB

https://github.com/syndtr/goleveldb

1.3.4gorocksdb

https://github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb

Go wrapper for RocksDB

1.3.5 levigo

Go wrapper for LevelDB

https://github.com/jmhodges/levigo

1.3.6 mongo-rocks

RocksDB Storage Engine Module for MongoDB

https://github.com/mongodb-partners/mongo-rocks

C++

1.4 LSH

1.4.1 bitcask

https://github.com/basho/bitcask

采用bitcask模型的有：beandb, Riak

erlang

日誌結構的key/value存儲係統Bitcas

https://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20196318-id-154750.html

Bitcask存儲模型

https://blog.csdn.net/qq910894904/article/details/37756377

1.5 FractalTree

1.5.1 PerconaFT

https://github.com/percona/PerconaFT

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-server-for-mongodb/perconaft.html

https://github.com/percona/PerconaFT/wiki

Mysql存儲引擎之TokuDB以及它的數據結構Fractal tree(分形樹)

https://www.fxysw.com/thread-5061-1-1.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal_tree_index

TokuDB的索引結構–分形樹的實現

https://www.cnblogs.com/chaosheng/p/5250037.html

1.6 dbm係列

1.6.1 QDBM (Quick DataBase Manager)

https://sourceforge.net/projects/qdbm/

https://qdbm.sourceforge.net/

https://qdbm.sourceforge.net/benchmark.pdf

used by nmdb

1.6.2 ndbm (New Database Manager)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndbm

https://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/dbsi/win98/ndbm.html

ndbm (standing for New Database Manager) is a Berkeley produced version from 1986 of the AT&T dbm database.

ndbm stores arbitrary data by use of a single key in fixed-size buckets.

1.6.3 SDBM (Substitute Database Manager)

Substitute Database Manager

https://github.com/davidar/sdbm

https://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/sdbm.bun

1.6.4 GDBM （GNU Database Manager）

GNU Database Manager

https://www.gnu.org.ua/software/gdbm/

1.6.5 tdb (Trivial Database)

Trivial Database

https://sourceforge.net/projects/tdb/

https://tdb.sourceforge.net/

1.6.6 CDB

https://cr.yp.to/cdb.html

1.6.7 TinyCDB

Tiny Constant Database

https://www.corpit.ru/mjt/tinycdb.html

1.7 雙類型

1.7.1 Wiredtiger (btree, LSM)

C語言的

WiredTiger 本身也支持 LSM option (默認是 btree )

mangodb

https://github.com/wiredtiger/wiredtiger

https://www.wiredtiger.com/

https://source.wiredtiger.com/2.8.0/architecture.html

1.7.2 Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet (B+tree,hash table)

https://baike.baidu.com/view/2640411.htm

https://fallabs.com/tokyocabinet/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Cabinet_and_Kyoto_Cabinet

Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet are two libraries of routines for managing key-value databases.

Kyoto Cabinet is the designated successor of Tokyo Cabinet

Tokyo Cabinet 是一個DBM的實現

Tokyo Cabinet features on-disk B+ trees and hash tables for key-value storage

Used by nmdb，Kyoto TreeDB

1.7.3 RaptorDB key value store (B+ 樹或者 MurMur 哈希索引)

一個很小的、快速的嵌入式 NoSQL 存儲模塊，使用 B+ 樹或者 MurMur 哈希索引

Implemented in .NET

https://raptordbkv.codeplex.com/

https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/190504/RaptorDB

https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/316816/RaptorDB-The-Key-Value-Store-V

1.8 SQL引擎類

1.8.1 InnoDB

https://www.oschina.net/p/innodb/

https://baike.baidu.com/view/1238935.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InnoDB

1.9 document類

1.9.1 RaptorDB document store

https://raptordb.codeplex.com/

https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/375413/RaptorDB-the-Document-Store

2 嵌入式

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_database

2.1 SQLite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLite

2.2 UnQLite

盤點移動開發中最流行的5個數據庫

https://www.evget.com/article/2014/11/21/21843.html

3 單機存儲

3.1 單值KV存儲

3.1.1 Memcache

3.1.2 nmdb

https://blitiri.com.ar/p/nmdb/

use qdbm, berkeley db, tokyo cabinet or tdb as database backends

C語言

3.1.3 Memcachedb

C語言,新浪

https://memcachedb.org/

a distributed key-value storage system designed for persistent
It conforms to memcache protocol
uses Berkeley DB as a storing backend

write 18868 w/s
read 44444 r/s

using replication for master/slave
6 policy for replication:

https://memcachedb.org/memcachedb-guide-1.0.pdf

3.1.4 Kyoto Tycoon

https://fallabs.com/kyototycoon/

C/C++，FAL Labs

Kyoto Tycoon is a lightweight database server with auto expiration mechanism, which is useful to handle cache data and persistent data of various applications. Kyoto Tycoon is also a package of network interface to the DBM called Kyoto Cabinet.

3.1.5 ThruDB

建立在Apache Thrift framework下的簡單服務

支持多個數據存儲後端，包括BerkeleyDB、Disk、MySQL,還擁有Memcache和Spread集成

https://code.google.com/p/thrudb/

Thrudb is a set of simple services built on top of the Apache Thrift framework that provides indexing and document storage services

3.2 結構化KV存儲

3.2.1 Redis

3.2.2 ssdb

https://github.com/ideawu/ssdb

https://ssdb.io/zh_cn/

https://ssdb.io/docs/replication.html

https://ssdb.io/docs/config.html

https://github.com/ideawu/ssdb/blob/master/ssdb.conf

采用ssd，使用leveldb作為存儲引擎，兼容redis接口

C/C++

3.2.3 ssdb-rocks

https://github.com/ideawu/ssdb-rocks

ssdb的另一個版本，采用ssd，使用rocksdb作為存儲引擎，兼容redis接口

3.3.4 ardb

https://github.com/yinqiwen/ardb

redis-protocol compatible persistent nosql, it support multiple storage engines as backend like Google's LevelDB, Facebook's RocksDB, OpenLDAP's LMDB, WiredTiger, the default backend is Facebook's RocksDB.

C++

https://yinqiwen.github.io/ardb/2014/08/23/ardbintroduction/

3.2.5 (reborndb)QDB

兼容redis協議

Rocksdb and LevelDB

https://github.com/reborndb/qdb

3.2.6 Pika

Pika 的存儲引擎, 基於Rocksdb 修改. 封裝Hash, List, Set, Zset等數據結構

https://github.com/Qihoo360/pika

https://git.oschina.net/baotiao/pika

https://www.jianshu.com/p/d4f23120cbe4

首發丨360開源的類Redis存儲係統:Pika

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwMDU1MTE1OQ==&mid=2653547160&idx=1&sn=befd195e2aa788775aaf1cc3b6f6fab3&scene=1&srcid=0512FqLKcLjVNH0zbKVlVBSO&key=b28b03434249256b1da1489d74564ea1a9d5b15207160026adc2a6ce0622b47c084d23b75e909dfe14f6173662cbdf5b&ascene=0&uin=MjMxMzM3NjIyMw%3D%3D&devicetype=iMac+MacBookPro12%2C1+OSX+OSX+10.11.4+build(15E65)&version=11020201&pass_ticket=WU1aAnx4aVkuID0Quq0HGuKNQB68CvjQzaTnnIhjJFZwLcPqGk1zilYX4uRvF9sd

首發丨360開源的類Redis存儲係統:Pika

https://media.weibo.cn/article?id=2309403974295628970629

3.2.7 LedisDB

A high performance NoSQL like Redis powered by Go

LevelDB, goleveldb, LMDB, RocksDB, BoltDB or Memory

https://ledisdb.com/

https://github.com/siddontang/ledisdb

3.3 文檔型

3.3.1 SisoDB

C#編寫的，專門提供給SQL Server麵向文檔的db-provider

https://www.sisodb.com

3.4 SQL

3.4.1 MySQL

3.4.2 innostore

https://github.com/basho/innostore

Innostore is a simple Erlang API to Embedded InnoDB

4 單機存儲的proxy集群方案

4.1 KV/Redis類

4.1.1 Twenproxy

https://www.oschina.net/p/twemproxy

https://github.com/twitter/twemproxy

靜態的分布式Redis方案

基於dynamo的思想

Dynomite: NetFlix對dynamo的開源通用實現

https://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2014/11/dynomite-netflix-dynamo

Netflix open sources Dynomite to make any datastore distributed

https://gigaom.com/2014/11/03/netflix-open-sources-dynomite-to-make-any-datastore-distributed/

A generic dynamo implementation for different k-v storage engines
inspired by Dynamo whitepaper

4.1.5 dbcached

https://code.google.com/p/dbcached/

a distributed key-value memory caching system for QDBM or Berkeley DB base on Memcached and NMDB

4.2 SQL類

4.2.1 Mycat

https://www.mycat.org.cn/

MyCat：開源分布式數據庫中間件
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwNjMxNjQzNA==&mid=208187004&idx=1&sn=60aba39c148711e95f00ec7ca2e13bb1&scene=0

4.2.2 MySQL Fabric

4.2.3 TDDL

4.2.4 Cobar

4.2.5 Atlas

4.2.6 Heisenberg

4.2.7 Vitess

5 KV存儲

5.1 riak

https://www.oschina.net/p/riak/

https://github.com/basho/riak

采用bitcask模型

Riak的實現是基於Amazon的Dynamo論文

erlang

Riak是以 Erlang 編寫的一個高度可擴展的分布式數據存儲，Riak的實現是基於Amazon的Dynamo論文，Riak的設計目標之一就是高可用。

https://docs.basho.com/riak/kv/2.2.3/

5.2 beandb

https://github.com/douban/beansdb

https://github.com/douban/beanseye

采用bitcask模型

distributed key-value storage system

took the ideas from Amazon's Dynamo

5.3 Project Voldemort

https://www.project-voldemort.com/voldemort/

Voldemort is a distributed key-value storage system

https://www.project-voldemort.com/voldemort/design.html

https://github.com/voldemort/voldemort

BDB-JE, MySQL, Read-Only

5.4 Scalaris

https://scalaris.zib.de/

分布式key value

erlang

supported the ACID properties for multi-key transactions

https://code.google.com/p/scalaris/

5.5 Aeospike

www.aerospike.com

https://www.aerospike.com/technologies/

https://www.aerospike.com/docs/

https://www.aerospike.com/docs/architecture/index.html

5.6 Tair

https://code.taobao.org/p/tair/

https://www.oschina.net/p/tair/

https://github.com/alibaba/tair

c/c++, 自研的mdb,fdb

5.7 dynomite

https://github.com/moonpolysoft/dynomite/wiki

https://www.oschina.net/p/dynomite/

6 文檔型存儲

6.1 MongoDB

6.2 CouchDB

CouchDB是文檔型存儲

https://couchdb.apache.org/

6.3 Membase / Couchbase

https://www.couchbase.com/

https://www.oschina.net/p/membase

https://www.oschina.net/p/couchbase-server

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couchbase_Server

https://www.couchbase.com/wiki/display/couchbase/Home

麵向文檔的 NoSQL 數據庫管理係統

6.4 SequoiaDB

一個類mongodb的文檔型存儲
https://www.sequoiadb.com/cn/

6.5 RavenDB

https://ravendb.net/
a .net document database built on the Windows ESENT storage system

支持Linq,可以使用C#的Linq語法查詢數據

6.6 OrientDB

雖然是文檔型數據庫，但是它的關係管理方式卻和圖形數據庫相類似

https://www.orientechnologies.com/

https://orientdb.com/orientdb/

Distributed Graph Database with the flexibility of Documents

是兼具文擋數據庫的靈活性和圖形數據庫管理鏈接能力的可深層次擴展的文檔-圖形數據庫管理係統。可選無模式、全模式或混合模式下。支持許多高級特性，諸如ACID事務、快速索引，原生和SQL查詢功能。可以JSON格式導入、導出文檔。若不執行昂貴的JOIN操作的話，如同關係數據庫可在幾毫秒內可檢索數以百記的鏈接文檔圖

Even if it is a document-based database, the relationships are managed as in graph databases with direct connections between records.

It supports schema-less, schema-full and schema-mixed modes.

6.7 RethinkDB

https://www.rethinkdb.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RethinkDB

https://baike.baidu.com/link?url=IaJEn3OOWg3i_q4HSIyqBfxRUATc2bpsoNfzcHdyAVa7vbs02R6PsIIyR4F2V4zZy9Wq3FJYW550B-d6IF6MV_

RethinkDB 1.14 (Brazil) 發布，分布式數據庫
https://www.oschina.net/news/54771/rethinkdb-1-14-brazil

7 列式存儲

7.1 HBase

7.2 Cassandra

7.3 Accumulo

https://accumulo.apache.org/
Apache Accumulo is based on Google's BigTable design and is built on top of Apache Hadoop, Zookeeper, and Thrift.

7.4 Hypertable

https://hypertable.org/
an open source database system inspired by publications on the design of Google's BigTable.
Hypertable runs on top of a distributed file system such as the Apache HDFS, GlusterFS or the Kosmos File System (KFS).