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backing up the back up

I have a 1T Hitachi which I use to store my data files (documents, photos, movies etc) from what I've been reading it seems to be a good idea to back up the back up so how best to do that please?   

Bichonman wrote:

1. Let's say the HD gets full or gets some age on it,  and I know HD's can fail at any time,

 

2. so what is the best way to transfer the data from one HD to another HD?

 

3. has my set up created up multi layer approach to data protection?  

1. Lets state the obvious,

Hard drives aren't prone to failure…hard drives are guaranteed to fail (the very same is true of SSD). Hard drives dont die when aged, hard drives die at any age, and peak in death when young and slowly increase in risk as they age.

2.  Generally hook up both HD and drag and drop files / collections

Easy / lazy way is to make a HD clone to clone

HD cloning software options:

1. SuperDuper HD cloning software APP (free)

2. Carbon Copy Cloner APP (will copy the recovery partition as well)

3. Disk utility HD bootable clone.

3. If you have at minimum 2 copies of your important data OFF computer, NOT counting the time machine HD/volume, then yes.

and one of those should be stored in a fire box, vault, etc etc. and updated recently.

I have 10+ copies of some things and barely feel 'safe' .  Im not about to lose 20+ years of work for lack of cheap hard drives.

Hard Drive Warning (all makes and models)

Ironically but logical, new hard drives are far more fragile than one that has been working for several months or a couple years. So beware in your thinking that a new hard drive translates into “extremely reliable”!

Hard drives suffer from high rates of what has been termed "infant mortality". Essentially this means new drives have their highest likelihood of failing in the first few months of usage. This is because of very minor manufacturing defects or HD platter balancing, or head and armature geometry being less than perfect; and this is not immediately obvious and can quickly manifest itself once the drive is put to work.

Hard drives that survive the first few months of use without failing are likely to remain healthy for a number of years.

Generally HD are highly prone to death or corruption for a few months, then work fine for a few years, then spike in mortality starting at 3-4 years and certainly should be considered end-of-life at 5-7+ years even if still working well. Drives written to once and stored away have the highest risk of data corruption due to not being read/written to on a regular basis. Rotate older working HD into low-risk use.

The implication of this is that you should not trust a new hard drive completely (really never completely!) until it has been working perfectly for several months.

Given the second law of thermodynamics, any and all current mfg. HD will, under perfect storage conditions tend themselves to depolarization and a point will be reached, even if the HD mechanism is perfect, that the ferromagnetic read/write surface of the platter inside the HD will entropy to the point of no viable return for data extraction. HD life varies, but barring mechanical failure, 3-8 years typically.

Hard drive failure and handling

The air cushion of air between the platter surface and the head is microscopic, as small as 3 nanometers, meaning bumps, jarring while in operation can cause head crash, scraping off magnetic particles causing internal havoc to the write surface and throwing particles thru the hard drive.

Hard drives are fragile in general, regardless, ... in specific while running hard drives are extremely fragile.

PDF: Bare hard drive handling generic instructions

hard drive moving parts

Some of the common reasons for hard drives to fail:

Infant mortality (due to mfg. defect / build tolerances)

Bad parking   (head impact)

Sudden impact   (hard drive jarred during operation, heads can bounce)

Electrical surge   (fries the controller board, possibly also causing heads to write the wrong data)

Bearing / Motor failure   (spindle bearings or motors wear during any and all use, eventually leading to HD failure)

Board failure   (controller board failure on bottom of HD)

Bad Sectors   (magnetic areas of the platter may become faulty)

General hard drive failure

It depends on how you want to make a backup of the backup. Maybe what you want to do is to make a backup of your Mac and also keep a separate backup of your user files, which is what most users recommend.

To do this, just set up Time Machine to make backups of your files on that external drive > https://support.apple.com/kb/HT1427 You can also use other apps to make backups, but Time Machine is enough.

Then, you can get a second external drive and copy your most important files there (or make another full backup). By doing this, you can be sure that your files are safe even if your Mac and an external drive have failed. This is the best way to make a backup of the backup.

all information about that is here:

Methodology to protect your data. Backups vs. Archives. Long-term data protection

Data redundancy begins at...

1. All data on the computer is just that, your data.

2. All data on the first external HD is your backup.

3. Only the second external HD is your first safe data redundancy.

Protected data redundancy begins at the second external copy due to:

1. It not being connected. Any drive connected, backup or otherwise, is not to be considered a safe data redundancy.

2. Being the backup failsafe to the first external HD, not to the data on the computer which never should be counted in terms of data protection as "a copy".

3. External drives will invariably fail, and since most people falsely believe their external HD is their "safety", this error of perspective must be countered by yet another external copy of ones data.

Ones vital data must always be considered wholly independent and irrelevant of any data on the computer itself. Failure to look at one data in this matter is a failure which often can and does culminate in data loss.

Instantaneous dual backups

An ideal desktop method to protect your data until safeguarded unconnected redundancies can be made is to always have a minimum of two autonomous drives or systems connected to which all data saved, created, or working on is instantly backed up to both drives from your computer.

1. Dual data backups to A: Time Machine backup B: secondary drive containing only data saved, created, or working on excluding any system APPS & data.

2. Second option being: Dual data backups sent to two always-connected external drives for instant external redundancy.

The safest methodological approach to data protection is rapid copying of data from the computer and then vigilant redundancies made of that data.

When even a second external HD copy of your data is "still just not good enough"

As I have personally witnessed on more than one occasion, someone has two exact copies on two external HD of their priceless data. The drives are both maybe a couple or few years old. No worries, there are two independent copies; still not good enough. 

One of the two drives fails or crashes, so the person goes to copy/clone the first drive, and without realizing it, the last remaining 'good' HD copy hasn't necessarily failed but is seriously corrupt and just as good as dead/useless. In which case, two independent copies of ones data is still just "not good enough". All hope is lost, even with 2 external copies!

Double down on your archived data ............ don’t ‘copy your copy’ if possible

We all know about the pitfalls of a copy of a copy and how an error can easily transfer or magnify when copying a copy. When archiving data, preferably use two autonomous targets, as meant hard drives for your important archives so there is a ‘fresh’ redundant dual copy, rather than a copy of a copy. 

This is especially important when keeping out of date DVD archives of your data which are ‘frozen’ in time and if an error appears in your magnetic storage, you can retrieve an uncorrupted copy from an older obsolete copy that was burned onto a DVD before an error or corruption occurred on your important file(s).

There is need of only one system hub backup (on TM). There is also only need of one cloned HD backup for returning to immediate operation easily after a HD crash. However there is imperative need for multiple data hub archives, which do not involve a clone of the HD.

Why? Both active and static data hub archives should be autonomous to infrequently updated HD clones. Additionally mixing in system hub files with vital data hub files adds to both confusion and runs contrary to best-case philosophy of data compartmentalization. Further still professionals have huge file archives that could never fit on 10+ hard drives much less one, and the concept of a HD clone encompassing both the system hub and the data hub is both not possible and ill conceived.

The B.A.R. “rule” (backup-archive-redundancy)

Backup: Active data emergency restore. Backups are moved from backups to archives; or from backups to the computer for restore or data retrieval.

Archive: Active and static data protection with the highest level of redundancy. Archives are only moved from itself to itself (archived copies). Generally a “long-term retention” nexus.

Redundancy: A fail-safe off-site or protected and “frozen” copy of your vital data and foolproof protection against magnetic degradation and HD mechanical failure. A likewise failsafe from theft, house fire, etc.

Redundancy has two points of premise:

A: redundancy (copies) of data archives.

B: redundancy of data on different platforms (optical, online, magneto-optical, HD).

Send your backups to your archives (as often as possible), and your archives to self-same redundancies.

*When referring to backups and archives here, this is in reference to your data saved/ created/ working on,... not your OS, your applications, and your system information / settings,...which is the idealized premise for use of Time Machine as a system-backup after internal data corruption or HD-failure.

Here we are referring to data backups and archives, not system-backups for restoring your OS-system.

If your data on your hard drive is the cash in your wallet, a backup is your bank account/debit card, and an archive is a locked safety deposit box.

Its easy to get your wallet emptied (corrupted) or stolen, your backup checking account is somewhat easy to get corrupted/drained or damaged, but your bunker security is in the lockbox inside the vault, where your vital data and archives reside. In the premise of preventing data loss, you want as often and as much as possible one-way transfers from your “wallet” to your safety deposit box archives; and further still a minimum of two copies of those archives.

Highest priority (archives) requires highest redundancy.  In the premise of often copying data from backups to archives, backup redundancy plays a minor role.

Bichonman wrote:

 

I have a 1T Hitachi which I use to store my data files 

Bad idea, 1 external HD is always a tragedy waiting to happen, buy another (preferably 2)

Always presume correctly that your data is priceless and takes a very long time to create and often is irreplaceable. Always presume accurately that hard drives are extremely cheap, and you have no excuse not to have multiple redundant copies of your data copied on hard drives and stored away several places, lockboxes, safes, fireboxes, offsite and otherwise.

Hard drives aren't prone to failure…hard drives are guaranteed to fail (the very same is true of SSD). Hard drives dont die when aged, hard drives die at any age, and peak in death when young and slowly increase in risk as they age.

Never practice at any time for any reason the false premise and unreal sense of security in thinking your data is safe on any single external hard drive. This is never the case and has proven to be the single most common horrible tragedy of data loss that exists.

Many hundreds of millions of hours of work and data are lost each year due to this single common false security. This is an unnatural disaster that can be avoided by making all data redundant and then redundant again. If you let a $60 additional redundant hard drive and 3 hours of copying stand between you and years of work, then you've made a fundamental mistake countless thousands of people each year have come to regret.

Countless people think they're safe and doing well having a single external backup of their vital data they worked months, years, and sometimes decades on. Nothing could be further from the truth. Never let yourself be in situation of having a single external copy of your precious data at any time.

Inadvertanly I left out the part about my using a TM on a sehdule in addition to an extrenal 1T Hiatachi HD.  So here is what I'm doing and my really my question. I have my TM back up.  I have anlso transferred (not just copied) data from my MBA to the external HD. Let's say the HD gets full or gets some age on it,  and I know HD's can fail at any time, so what is the best way to transfer the data from one HD to another HD?  The information about the triad of computer/HD/archive is interesting but to cut to the chase has my set up created up multi layer approach to data protection?   If not then I'll re-read the post on archiving. 

Thanks in advance.

Bichonman wrote:

1. Let's say the HD gets full or gets some age on it,  and I know HD's can fail at any time,

 

2. so what is the best way to transfer the data from one HD to another HD?

 

3. has my set up created up multi layer approach to data protection?  

1. Lets state the obvious,

Hard drives aren't prone to failure…hard drives are guaranteed to fail (the very same is true of SSD). Hard drives dont die when aged, hard drives die at any age, and peak in death when young and slowly increase in risk as they age.

2.  Generally hook up both HD and drag and drop files / collections

Easy / lazy way is to make a HD clone to clone

HD cloning software options:

1. SuperDuper HD cloning software APP (free)

2. Carbon Copy Cloner APP (will copy the recovery partition as well)

3. Disk utility HD bootable clone.

3. If you have at minimum 2 copies of your important data OFF computer, NOT counting the time machine HD/volume, then yes.

and one of those should be stored in a fire box, vault, etc etc. and updated recently.

I have 10+ copies of some things and barely feel 'safe' .  Im not about to lose 20+ years of work for lack of cheap hard drives.

Hard Drive Warning (all makes and models)

Ironically but logical, new hard drives are far more fragile than one that has been working for several months or a couple years. So beware in your thinking that a new hard drive translates into “extremely reliable”!

Hard drives suffer from high rates of what has been termed "infant mortality". Essentially this means new drives have their highest likelihood of failing in the first few months of usage. This is because of very minor manufacturing defects or HD platter balancing, or head and armature geometry being less than perfect; and this is not immediately obvious and can quickly manifest itself once the drive is put to work.

Hard drives that survive the first few months of use without failing are likely to remain healthy for a number of years.

Generally HD are highly prone to death or corruption for a few months, then work fine for a few years, then spike in mortality starting at 3-4 years and certainly should be considered end-of-life at 5-7+ years even if still working well. Drives written to once and stored away have the highest risk of data corruption due to not being read/written to on a regular basis. Rotate older working HD into low-risk use.

The implication of this is that you should not trust a new hard drive completely (really never completely!) until it has been working perfectly for several months.

Given the second law of thermodynamics, any and all current mfg. HD will, under perfect storage conditions tend themselves to depolarization and a point will be reached, even if the HD mechanism is perfect, that the ferromagnetic read/write surface of the platter inside the HD will entropy to the point of no viable return for data extraction. HD life varies, but barring mechanical failure, 3-8 years typically.

Hard drive failure and handling

The air cushion of air between the platter surface and the head is microscopic, as small as 3 nanometers, meaning bumps, jarring while in operation can cause head crash, scraping off magnetic particles causing internal havoc to the write surface and throwing particles thru the hard drive.

Hard drives are fragile in general, regardless, ... in specific while running hard drives are extremely fragile.

PDF: Bare hard drive handling generic instructions

hard drive moving parts

Some of the common reasons for hard drives to fail:

Infant mortality (due to mfg. defect / build tolerances)

Bad parking   (head impact)

Sudden impact   (hard drive jarred during operation, heads can bounce)

Electrical surge   (fries the controller board, possibly also causing heads to write the wrong data)

Bearing / Motor failure   (spindle bearings or motors wear during any and all use, eventually leading to HD failure)

Board failure   (controller board failure on bottom of HD)

Bad Sectors   (magnetic areas of the platter may become faulty)

General hard drive failure

I wish there was a messaging function here. I suspect you could answer my questions on backing up.

Here is my problem:

I have multiple firewire and USB external HD's - a DLT, and some old internal HD's no longer in computers.

I would like to make sure that everything it backed up and redundant.

I am certain that there are tons of redundant files, and folders of files, on these drives. In fact, I'll bet that if I just removed all the multiple copies of files, 20 TB of data might only be 10 TB.

In particular - there are tons of image files that have 3-6 copies scattered around on the various drives. Also tons of .mov files.

One idea is to just move all the images (via a search for ".jpg, .psd, .tiff, etc) and move them all to one drive, and remove them from all the other drives in the process. Of course, I would have to pull all these files out of respective folders and put the into one folder, and only bring over the most recent version.

Then I would need to re-organize them into folders, or use an app like "Lightroom" to re-organize/view them.

Is there any program that would consolidate all my files without copying the same file twice? It is a problem because some files are in different places in folders with different names.

Any help appreciated. If you can contact me directly, great.

Thanks

DMCG

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最后更新：2017-10-04 06:11:26

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